ORDER 70. COMPOSITE. 177 



per often alternate, mostly tripli-veined. Rays yellow ; disk yellow or pur- 

 pie : in late Summer and Autumn. Figs. 74, 261, 433-4. 



HELIAXTHELLA (T. & G.) Pap. persistent. Lvs. scattered, 1-veined Nos. 24, 25 



$ IFEI.IANTRUS proper. Pappus deciduous. Lower leave? opposite.. .(*) 



* Disk (its corollas and pale?) dark purple, mostly convex., .(a) 



a Herbs annual. Leaves chiefly alternate Nos. 1, 2 



o Herbs perennial. Leaves opposite. e Scales acuminate , ...Nos. 35 



e Sc. obtuse or barely acute. .Nos. 6, 7 



* Disk (its corollas and pales) yellow., .(b) 



b Leaves chiefly alternate and feather-veined Nos. 811 



b Leaves chiefly opposite and 3-veined or tripli-veined. . .(c) 



c Scales erect, closely imbricated./ Plants green, rough Nos. 13, 13 



f Plants whitish, downy.. .Nos. 14, 15 

 c Scales loosely spreading. Heads large, 9-15- rayed. . .(d) 



d Scales lance-linear, longer than disk. Leaves thin Nos. 16, 17 



d Scale* ^nee-ovate, as long as the disk. Leaves thick. . .Noo. 1821 

 c Scales looseij spreading. Heads small, 5-8-rayed Nos. 22, 23 



1 H. animus L. Great Swnjloiver. Erect, stout ; Ivs. all cordate, only the lowest op- 



posite ; hds. very large (C 12 7 ), nodding ; fr. glabrous. Gardens and fields. 2 lOf. S. 

 America. A variety with the flowers all ligulate is sometimes found in gardens. 



2 H. debllls N. Decumbent, slender; leaves mostly alternate, ovate, serrulate, petio- 



late ; hds. small ; scales with slender points ; fr. pubescent. Shores, E. Fla. to La. l-2f. 



3 H. Radula T. & G. Hirsute, simple, bearing a single head ; Ivs. roundish-obovate 



or ovate, obtuse ; scales and pales lanceolate, acuminate, erect ; rays 7 10, rarely 0. 

 y. Barrens, Ga. Fla. Ala. 1 3f. Often growing in clusters. Hds. near V. Aug. Sept. 



4 H. lieteropliyllus N. Slightly hispid, slender, bearing a single head ; Ivs. entire, 



the lower oval, upper linear-lanceolate : scales acuminate, erect, ciliate ,' pales acute ; 

 rays 1218. ii S. 1 2f. Heads 6" diam., rays spreading 2|'. Aug. Sept. 



5 H. angustifoliiis L. Erect, slender, scabrous or hispid ; Ivs. lance-linear, taper- 



ing to a long point, 1-veined, rigid; heads few; scales lance-linear, the long point 

 spreading ; pales linear, 3-toothed. Dry soils. N. J., Ky. and S. 2 3f. Aug. Oct. 



6 H. rigidns Dcsf. Rigid, subsimple ; Ivs. lanceolate, pointed, rough both sides ; hds. 



few ; scales ovate, acute, short; rays 1220. Prairies, Wis. Mo. to La. 2 3f. 



7 H. atrortibeiis L. Ped. few, long, leafless ; st. hirsute below ; Ivs. ovate or oval, 



obtusish, on winged petioles ; sc. oblong, obtuse, 3-veined. Dry soils. S. 2 4f. 



8 H. gigantens L. Rough or hairy ; Ivs. lanceolate, serrate, pointed, on ciliate, wing- 



ed petioles ; scales lance-linear, ciliate ; rays 1220 ; pappus of 2 short, fringed scales 

 Can. to Car. and Ky. 4 10f. Varies with the leaves mostly opposite. 



9 H. tomentosus MX. Stout, pubescent, branched ; Ivs. ovate to long-lanceolate, 



acuminate, subentirc, the lower petiolate ; scales long-pointed, villous, spreading ; 

 pales hairy and 3-toothed at top. Dry hills, 111. to Ga. 4 Sf. Rays 15". 



10 H. grosse-serratns Martens. St. smooth and glaucous ; Ivs. lanceolate or lance- 

 ovate, long-acuminate, sharply serrate, downy beneath, on winged stalks ; scales 

 loose, subulate, as long as the disk ; rays 15-20. W. and S. 4 6f. 



11 H. titberosus L. Jerusalem Artichoke. Root bearing oblong tubers ; Ivs. cordate- 

 ovate to ovate, acuminate ; petioles ciliate. Fields, hedges. 4f. 4 Brazil. 



12 H. Ijetifloriis Pers. St. branched above ; Ivs. thick, lance-oval, pointed, serrate, 

 on short stalks ; scales ovate-lanceolate ; rays 1220, 2'. Woods. W. and S-W. 3 4f. 



13 H. occidcntalis Riddcll. Slender, simple, nearly naked above; Ivs. oval, sub- 

 serrate, on long hairy petioles ; hds. 1 5, small ; scales lance-oval. Sandy. W. 3f. 



14 H. mollis Lam. Canescent-tomcutous, subsimple; Ivs. ovate, sessile, cordate- 

 clasping, acuminate; PC. lanceolate ; pales entire, acute ; rays 15 25. O. to Mo. 2 4f. 



15 H. cliiereiis, /3. Sullivfinlii (T. & G.) Cinereous-pubescent; stem virgate, 

 branched above ; ivs. ovate-oblong, narrowed to the sessile base, the lower to a winged 

 petiole ; pales pointed, with 2 lateral teeth ; rays about 20. Ohio. 2 3f. 



