188 ORDER 70. COMPOSITE. 



10 S. CRUENTUS. Lvs. angular, cordate, cut-toothed, purple beneath, the petioles wing- 

 ed, ear-shaped at the base ; heads in a broad corymb, crimson, purple, blue, white. 

 7f Canaries. A common handsome greenhouse plant. 



11 S. scAisDENS. German Ivy. Climbing and twining; leaves smooth, roundish-cordate, 

 5-7 angled or lobed ; corymbs axillary, of small rayless yellow heads, y. S. Africa, 

 Blooms freely in California, rarely in our greenhouses. 



88. ARNICA, L. Involucre of equal, lanceolate scales, 1- or 2-rowed. 

 Ray fls. 2 , disk 5 . Receptacle flat, with scattered hairs. Pap. single, 

 rigid, and serrulate. 11 Stem simple. Leaves opposite. Flowers yellow. 



1 A. mollis Hook. Pubescent ; stem leafy ; Ivs. becoming nearly glabrous, dentate, 



lance-oblong, radical ones petiolate ; hds. few ; fr. hairy. Mts. &c. N. H., N. Y. July. 



2 A. nudicaiilis Ell. Hairy ; st. nearly naked ; Ivs. all sessile, ovate, subentire, the 



cauline bract-like ; heads large, rays 12, spreading 2' ; fruit glabrous. Wet sands, 

 Va. toFla. If. April, May. 



89. RUGELIA, Shutt. Invol. as in Arnica. Fls. all tubular, $ . Re 

 cep. convex, naked. Gyp terete, stria te. Pap. of rough bristles. U Lvs 

 alternate. Heads large. 



R. nudicaulis Shutt. St. simple, erect; branches 1-flwd.; root Ivs. ample, ovate, 

 narrowed to long winged petioles ; stem Ivs. small, subsessile. Mts., Tenn. If. 



90. CYNARA, L. Heads discoid, homogamous. Invol. dilated, im* 

 bricate, scales fleshy, emarginate, pointed. Receptacle fibrillate. Pap. plu- 

 mous. Cypselse not beaked. U Spiny. Leaves not decurrent. 



1 C. SCOLTMUS. Garden Artichoke. Leaves subspinous, pinnate, and undivided ; invol. 



scales ovate. Gardens. The heads are used as asparagus. Coarse plants. 



2 C. CARDUNCTILUS. Cardoon. Leaves spiny, all pinnatifid ; invol. scales ovate. S. Eur. 



The petioles, blanched by culture, are used as celery. 



91. TAGETES, L. MARIGOLD. Heads he terogamous. Invol. simple, 

 tubular, of 510 united scales. Ray-fls. 5, persistent. Receptacle naked. 

 Pap. of 5 erect awns. Tropical America. Leaves pinnately divided. 



1 T. PATULA. French Marigold. Stem erect, with widely-spreading, 1-headed branches ; 



If. segm. linear-lanceolate; ped. long; invol. terete. Yel. and dark purp. Handsome. 



2 T..ERECTA. African Marigold. Stem stout, erect; If. segm. lanceolate; ped. l-fl\vd., 



thickened at top ; involucre angular. Yellow and orange. 



3 X. FLORIDA. Erect, corymbously branched ; Ivs. lanceolate, opposite, aristate-serrate : 



rays mostly 3, large, yellow. Mexico. 18'. 



92. CALENDULA, L. POT MARIGOLD. Heads radiate. Invol. of 

 many equal leaves, in about 2 series. Rays $ , disk $ . Receptacle naked. 

 Cyp. of the disk membranaceous. Pap. 0. (T) Oriental. Lvs. alternate. 

 C. OFFICINALIS. Viscid-pubescent ; stem branched ; Ivs. oblong, acute, mucronate, ses- 

 sile; hds. terminal, solitary ; large, brilliant, orange, lemon, double, &c. June Sep. 



93. CENTAUREA, L. KNAP-WEED. BACHELOR'S-BUTTON. Hds. 

 discoid. Invol. imbricate. Fls. all tubular, the marginal often enlarged, 

 Uiy-like, neutral. Pappus filiform, scale-form, or 0. U Lvs. alternate. 



* Scales of the involucre with a fringed or pectinate appendage Nos. 1, 2 



Scales not appendaged, a merely ciliate or spiuescent . Nos. 3, 4 



-a nor ciliate nor spincscent (Amberboa) Nos. 5, C 



