ORDER 70. COMPOSITE. 191 



leafy scales, the inner of about 8 linear ones. Receptacle chaffy. Pappus 

 scaly. Cypselae not rostrate, obscurely 5-sided. Oriental herbs with 

 bright blue flowers, about 20 in a head. 



1 C. Intybus L. Root Ivs. runcinate, cauline bract-like ; heads axillary, eubsessile, 



mostly in pairs. 11 Dooryards, waysides, E. 2 3f. Rays large, showy, 5-toothed. 

 The root, or its extract, is often mixed with coffee. July Sept. Europe. 



2 C. ENDIVIA. Endive. Root leaves sinuate-dentate or pinnatificl, cauline auricled at 



base ; heads axillary, 35 together. India. Cultivated as a salad. 



102. KRIGIA, Schreb. DWARF DANDELION. Involucre many-leaved, 

 nearly simple, equal. Recep. naked. Cypsela3 turbinate, striate, 5-angled. 

 Pappus double, consisting of 5 broad, membranous scales, alternating with 

 as many slender, scabrous bristles, (i) Acquiescent, small. Leaves lyrately 

 lobed. Scapes simple. Heads solitary, with 20 30 yellow flowers. 



1 K. Virgfinica Willd. Early Ivs. round-spatulate, subentire, the later toothed and 



pinnatifid ; scapes 15 or more, 1' 10' high. Rocks and sands. Hds. 56". May + . 



2 K. Caroliniana N. Early Ivs. lin.-oblanceolate, few-toothed, later Ivs. lyrate-pin 



natifid, or angular-lobed ; scapes 15 or more, 2' 12'. Sands. S. Feb. May. 



103. CYNTHIA, Don. Invol. nearly simple, of equal, narrow scales. 

 Recep. flat, alveolate. Pap. double, the outer minute, scaly, inner copious, 

 capillary. Cyp. short. U Lvs. alternate or all radical. Fls. 15 20, yellow. 



1 C. Virgiiitca Don. St. few-leaved, subumbellate ; Ivs. lance-obi., repand-dentatc. 



rarely lobed, petiolate. N. Y. to 111., and S. Very smooth. 1 2f. Hds. 9". June. 



2 C. Dandelion DC. Acaulescent ; scapes leafless, simple, 1-flwd. ; Ivs. spatula te-obl. 



to lance-lin., entire or toothed, rarely pinuatifid. Md. to Ga. and Tex. G IS'. Mar.-Jn. 



104. LEONTODON, L. AUTUMN DANDELION. Invol. imbricate, the 

 outer sc. very short. Recep. naked. Pap. plumous, persistent on the some- 

 what rostrate cypsela. Acaulescent herbs with yellow fls., many in a head. 



I*, a 11 1 ii in u til is L. Scape branching; ped. scaly-bracted ; Ivs. lanceolate, dentate- 

 pinnatifid, smoothish. Waysides, meadows, &c. E. N. Eng. 6' 20'. Hds. several, near 

 1' in diameter. July Oct. Europe. 



105. TRAGOPOGON, L. VEGETABLE OYSTER. Invol. simple, of 

 many leaves. Recep. naked. Pap. plumous. Cyp. longitudinally striate, 

 contracted into a long, filiform beak, (a) European, with long, grass-like Ivs. 



T. porrifolius L. Invol. much longer than the corolla ; Ivs. lance-linear; ped. thick- 

 ened upward ; pappus tawny. Waysides, &c. N. Y. (Hankenson). 3f. June. $ 



106. HIERACIUM, Tourn. HAWKWEED. Invol. more or less imbri- 

 cated, ovoid, many-flwd. Sc. very unequal. Cyp. not rostrate. Pap. a single 

 row of copious, tawny, fragile bristles, if Lvs. alternate, entire or toothed. 



* Heads 40-50-flwd. Invol. more or less imbricated. Cyp. blunt at top Nos. 1, 2 



* Heads 12-30-flwd. Involucre simple. a Achenia contracted at the top Nos. 3, 4 



a Achenia not contracted upward. . .Nos. 5, 6 



1 II. Canadense MX. St. erect, subvillous, leafy, corymbed ; Ivs. sessile, ovate-obi, 

 to lanceolate, acute, with few acute teeth ; invol. strongly imbricated ; fruit brown. 

 Rocky woods, N. Eng. to Wit?., and N. l-2f. Stout. Hds. near 1' broad, Aug., Sept. 



