ORDER 113. EUPHORBIACE^E. 293 



2. SHEFHERDIA, K Fls. $ ? . Cal. 4-cleft. Sta. 8, with 8 glands. 

 $ Calyx tube closely investing the ovary, limb 4-lobed. Sty. and stig. 1. 



Berry globular, fleshy. J> Spinescent. 



1 S. Caiiadeiibis N. Shrub 6 8f; leaves elliptic-ovate, clothed beneath with stel- 



late hairs and rusty scales, nearly smooth above. Banks of streams, N. Clusters 

 snbsessile. Berry sweetish. 



2 S. AUGENTEA N. Buffalo Berry. Tree 12 18f; leaves oblong-ovate, obtuse, both 



surfaces smooth and covered with silvery scales. Fruit the size of a currant, scar- 

 let, well-flavored. Missouri. 



3. HIFPOFH2E RIIAMNOIDES. Shrub with lance-linear leaves, silvery 

 white beneath, and a crowd of yellow, acid drupes. Europe. 



ORDER CXIII. EUPHORBIACE^E. SPURGEWORTS. 



Herbs, shrubs, or trees, usually with a milky, acrid juice. Flowers dicli- 

 nous, sometimes enclosed in a cup-shaped involucre. Calyx inferior, some- 

 times wanting. Corolla scale-like or colored, often wanting. Ovary free, 

 sessile or stipitate, 2-, 3-(or more)-carpelled ; styles distinct or united. Fruit 

 of 2, 3 (or more) 1-2-seeded carpels (rarely of 1 carpel) united to a common 

 axis, at length separating. Embryo in fleshy albumen. Fig. 142. 



547. Head or capitulum of Euphor- 

 bia corollata. 8 . The involucre tube 

 I J cut open, showing the monandrous, 

 \^<- staminate flowers surrounding the 

 9 550 jp pistillate. ). One of the $ flowers, 



with a toothed bract at base. 50 Cross-section of the ovary, showing the 3 one-seeded 

 sells or carpels. 



> Cells of the ovary 1-ovuled ; fruit cells or carpels l-seeded...() 



r Cells of the ovary 2-ovuled ; fruit cells or carpels each 2-seeded. . .(x) 



* Flowers in a cup-shaped involucre, the $ many, each merely a stamen, the 9 



only 1, an ovary exserted on a pedicel EUPHORBIA. 1 



* Flowers not in an involucre, g , all apetalous, with a calyx only. ..(</) 



a Stigmas and carpels 69. Fruit fleshy, apple-like. Trees. R. Fla HIPPOMANK Manr-intUa. 



a Stigmas and carpels 3. Fruit dry, capsular...(&) 

 b Stamens erect in the bud, 2 4 in number. . .(c) 

 b Stamens erect in the bud, 8 00 i number... (d) 

 b Stamens infiexed in the bud. $ Flowers usually with small petals... (r) 



* Staminate calyx imbricated in bud. Anthers pendulous. Tree. S. Fin SKBASTIANIA lwi,J<t. 



* Stam. calyx imbricated in bud. Anthers erect. Flowers in spikes STILLINGIA. 2 



c Slam, calyx valvate in bud. Flowers in racemes. Plant downy.. TRAGIA. 3 



d Flowers in cymes, with white, imbricated sepals. Stinging JATROPHA. 4 



d Flowers in small spikes with large bracts. Sepals valvate ACALYPHA. 5 



d Flowers in long interrupted spikes. Sepals 3, valvate in bud MKRCURIALIS. 6 



d Flowers in panicles. Leaves palmately lobed, glabrous RICINUS. 7 



Ovary 3- or 2-celled and -seeded. Plants hairy, downy, Ac (JROTON. 8 



e Ovary 1-celled and -seeded. Plants silvery-scurfy CROTONOPSIS. 9 



* Calyx 5-6-parted ; stamens 3. united. Flowers axillary, small PHYLL.ANTHUS. 10 



x Calyx 4-parted ; stamens 4, distinct, large. Flowers in bracted spikes PACHYSANDRA. 11 



x Calyx 4-parted ; stamens 4, distinct. Fls. axillary. Shrub. Lvs. opposite Buxus. 12 



1. EUPHORBIA, L. SPURGE. Fls. monoacious and achlamydeons, 

 teveral in an involucratc clutter, simulating one flower (see figures). In- 



