304: ORDER 122. CUPULIFERvE. 



bony endocarp (shelf). Seed large, ortkotropous, exalbuininous, with lobed, 

 often sinuous, oily cotyledons. 



* Sterile aments solitary, simple. Epicarp persistent on the tri/ma JUGLANS. 1 



* Sterile aments clustered, lateral. Epicarp 4-val ved and separating CARYA. 2 



1. JUGLANS, L. WALNUT. $ Fl. a calyx, scale-like. 5- or G-parted, 

 with about 20 stamens. ? Fls. terminal, 4-parted, with 4 greenish petals 

 and 2 fringed stigmas. Tryma with a spongy epicarp closely investing 

 the very rough endocarp. ^ Leaflets many. Pith in transverse plates. 



1 J. cinerea L. White W. Butternut. Tree 40 50f, with a large but short trunk, 



and wide-spread branches ; leaflets 15 17, lanceolate ; fruit oblong-ovate, viscid- 

 hairy. Good for its fruit and handsome wood. April, May. 



2 J. iiigra L. Black W. Tree 60 90f, with a long, straight trunk; leaflets 1521, 



lance-ovate, subcordate ; fruit globous, glabrous, uneven, the kernel edible. The 

 wood is dark-purple, used in cabinet-work. April, May. 



3 T KEGIA, from Persia, but called English walnut, has 7 11 leaflets, and a smooth- 

 ish endocarp (shell) with a rich kernel. Itarely cultivated. 



2. CARYA, N. HICKORY. $ Calyx scale-like, 3-parted, with 4 6 

 stamens. $ Calyx 4-cleft, no petals. Stig. 2-lobed, lobes bifid. Epicarp 

 4-valved, disclosing a smooth, even nut. ^ Timber very strong. Leaves 

 and both kinds of flowers from same bud, in March May. 



Leaflets 1315, scythe-shaped. Nut oblong, thin-shelled, very sweet No. 1 



Leaflets 711. Nut with a tender shell and very bitter kernel Nos. 2, 3 



Leaflets 59. Nut roundish, hard-shelled, sweet and eatable. . .(*) 



* Valves of the epicarp distinct to the base. Bark with loose plates Nos. 4, 5 



* Valves of the epicarp united below. Bark continuous, firm Nos. 6 8 



1 C. olivaeformis N. Pecan Nut. Tree 60 90f; leaflets falcate, 56'; $ amenta 



separate to base ; nut with its kernel loose in the thin, oblong shell. River bottoms, 

 Ind., 111., and S. Bark at length shaggy. 



2 C. amara N. Bitter Nut. Tree 20 40f ; leaflets about 9, ovate-oblong, sharply 



serrate ; fruit roundish, valves half-united ; nut white. Moist. 



3 C. aquatica N. Tree 30-^10f ; leaflets about 11, lanceolate, oblique, subentire ; 



fruit pedunculate, ovate, with a thin, reddish shell. Swamps, S. 



4 . alba N. Shagbark. Tree 40 50f, with a rough, shaggy bark ; leaflets 5, the two 



lower much smaller; fruit and nut roundish, squarish, with a thin shell and very 

 sweet meat : common. Fruit and timber excellent. 



5 C. sulcata N. Thick-shellbark. Tree 40 30f, with shaggy bark ; leaflets 7 or 9, the 



odd one subsessile ; fruit large, oval, 4-furrowed ; nut pointed at each end, 1| 2' 

 long, with thick shell. Common West. 



6 C. tomentosa N. Mocker Nut. Tree 40 (iOf ; bark rugged, but not shaggy ; leaf- 



lets 79. odd on stalked, all and the petiole rough-downy ; aments hairy ; nut with 

 a very thick shell and small kernel. 



7 C. porciiia N. Pignut. Tree 60- lOOf ; leaflets 5 or 7, nearly glabrous ; fruit ovate 



to pyriform, with a bitterish kernel : common. (C. glabra Torr.) 



8 C. microcarpa N. Tree GO 80f ; leaflets 5 or 7, glabrous ; aments glabrous ; fruit 



roundish-ovoid, as small as a nutmeg. Woods, N. Y., and S. 



ORDER CXX1I. CUPULIFER^E. MASTWORTS. 



Trees or shrubs. Lecrves alternate, simple, straight-veined, with decidu- 

 ous stipules. Ftowen S , the sterile in aments which are rucemed or capi- 



