OIIDKTI 122. CUPULlFEPwE. 305 



tate. $ Calyx scale-like or regular, with 5 20 stamens inserted at its 

 base. ? Calyx adherent to the 2-3-celled, 2-6-ovuled ovary. Fruit a 1- 

 celled, 1-seeded nut, solitary or several together, invested by an involucre 

 which forms a scaly or echinate cupule. Seed destitute of albumen, filled 

 by the embryo with its large cotyledons. Figs. 1-4, 182, 256, 277, 218-22, 

 338-40, 381/386, 435, 507, 511. 



Sterile flowers in aments, fertile, solitary, or few together... (*) 



Involucre of many scales, valveless, cup-like, partly enclosing the 1 nut QUERCPS. 1 



Involucre of prickly scales, 4-valved, enclosing 2 or 3 nuts CASTAXEA. 2 



Involucre of soft, prickly scales, 4-valved, enclosing 2 nuts FAGUS. 3 



Involucre of 2 or 3 large, lacerated, united scales, valveless, with 12 nnts COUYLUS. 4 



St rile flowers and fertile, both kinds in pendulous aments... (*) 



Involucre scales in pairs, with their edges united, inflated OSTRYA. 5 



Involucre scales in pairs, distinct, 3-lobed, hecoraiug leaf-like CARPINUS. 6 



1. QUERCUS, L. OAK. $ Fls. in loose aments. Calyx mostly 5- 

 cleft, Sta. 5 10. ? Fls. in clusters or scattered. Ov. 3-celled, 6-ovuled 

 (Fig. 162), with 3 stig., but in fruit a 1-seeded nut (acorn) seated in a scaly 

 cup or involucre. ^> J> A noble genus. In many oaks the fruit is (g), that 

 is, 2 years in ripening, known by its occupying the old wood below the 

 leaves of the season. 



Leaves mostly entire, the ends subequal, petioles very short. . .(*) 



* Peduncle longer than the oblong acorn. Leaves evergreen. Fruit No 1 



* Peduncle shorter than the acorn. Fruit (). x Lvs. downy beneath.. .Nos. 2. 3 



x LVP. smooth both sides... No. 4 



Leaves 3-lobed and dilated above, awnless when mature. Fruit .\Nos. 5, (5 



Leaves 3-9-lobed or pinnatifid, broad, lobes setaceous!// awned. Fruit . . . (*) 



* Lvs. at base cuneate, short-pet.. 3- or 5-lobed. Shrubs or small trees. .Nos. 79 



* Leaves at base abrupt or truncate, mostly long-petiolcd, 7-9-lobed. . . (a) 



a Nut one-third immersed in the saucer-shaped, fine-scaled cup. . .Nos. 10, 11 

 a Nut near half immersed in the hemispherical, coarse-scaled cup ... (6) 



b Leaves cinereous-downy beneath, acorn also downy No. 12 



b Leaves (except when young) glabrous both sides Nos. 13, 14 



Lvs. 5-9-lobed, divisions obtuse, never bristlc-awned. Fr. (T), sessile. ..Nos. 1518 

 Lvs. 9-25-toothed, downy beneath, awnless. Acorn (T), sweet, eatable.. .Nos. 19, 20 



1 Qu virens Ait. Live Oak. Tree 40 50f, often much smaller, very valuable for tim- 



ber ; leaves small, firm, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, downy and pale beneath, rarely a few 

 sharp teeth ; nut oblong-obovoid ; ped. 1'. Va., and S. 



2 Q. cinerea Ph. Upland Willow 0. Shrub 4201'; Ivs. as in No. 1, but more downy 



beneath ; nut roundish, in a saucer-shaped cup. Barrens, Va. to Fla. 



3 Q. Imbrlcarla MX. Laurel 0. Shingle 0. (Fig. 338.) Tree beautiful, 40 50f, with 



dense dark-green foliage ; Ivs. 3 5', lance-oblong, wavy, shining above ; nut round- 

 ish, in a shallow cup. Common W. and S. Makes poor shingle?. 



4 Q,. Pliellos I,. Willow 0. Tree 30 GOf, with poor timber ; Ivs. linear-lanceolate, 



entire, 3 4', glabrous; acorn roundish. G", in a shallow cup. Borders of swamps, 

 N . J. to Ky. and Fla. Young shoots with toothed leaves. 

 /3. lauri folia* A large handsome tree ; Ivs. 3 5', often with a few teeth. S. t 



5 Q. aquatlca MX. Water 0. Tree 20 40f, of rounded form and dense, shining 



foliage ; leaves wedge-obovate, entire or obscurely 3-lobed above, attenuate to base, 

 short-petioled ; nut round-ovoid. Swamp?, Md. to Fla., and cultivated. 

 Q. nlgra L. Slack-Jack. Barren 0. Iron 0. Tree small and gnarled, with dark 

 massy foliage ; leaves short-petioled, wedge-forro, mostly with 3 subequal 

 lobM at apex, subcordate at base, rust-downy beneath. N. Y., W. and S. 



