ORDER 123. BETULACE.E. 307 



serrate, smooth ; nuts mostly 2 or 3 together ; aments 6 (X, yellowish, in July, the 

 bro<vn nuts ripe in October. In woods. 



2 C. piimila MX. Chinquapin. Shrub 6 12f, much branched; leaves obovate to 

 oblong-ovate, downy beneath ; nut solitary. N. J., W. and S. 



3. FAGUS. Tourn. BEECH. Sterile flowers in capitate aments, sus- 

 pended by a slender peduncle, fertile 2 within an involucre. Calyx 5- or 

 6 cleft or lobed. 8tam. 512. 2 Ovaiy 3-celled with 3 stigmas. Fruit 

 a pair of 1-seeded, sharply 3-angled nuts in a prickly involucre. ^ Leaves 

 plicate in bud. May. Figs. 182, 256, B. 



1 F. ferruginea Ait. Tree 50 80f, with a smoothish ash-colored bark ; Ivs. ovato 



to oval, short-petioled, pointed, regularly and remotely toothed, hairy when young. 

 Timber fine-grained. Hardly distinct from 



2 F. SYLVATICA, the European Beech, which has broader leaves, and is occasionally 



cultivated, especially the variety with purple leaves. 



4. c6RYLUS, Tourn. HAZEL-NUT. Sterile flowers in a cylindrical 

 ament, fertile flowers in a capitate one. Calyx represented by 2 scales in 

 the axil of a bract. Stam. 8, with half-anthers. ? Ovary adherent, 2- 

 ovuled, 2-styled. Nut bony, roundish, 1-seeded, enclosed in a many-cleft 

 involucre. ^ Leaves acuminate, expanding after the flowers. May. 



1 C. Americana Walt. Shrub 5 lOf; leaves roundish, cordate ; involucre bell-form, 



much wider than the nut, coarsely toothed. Thickets : common. 



2 C. rostrata Ait. Shrub 3 6f ; leaves ovate to oval ; involucre bottle-shaped, longer 



than the nut, 2-parted, with toothed segments. Thickets. 



3 C. AVELLANA. Filbert. Shrub 3 lOf; leaves as in No. 1 ; involucre not larger than 



the large rounded nut. From Europe, rarely cultivated. 



5. OSTRYA, Michl. LEVER-WOOD. HOP HORNBEAM. $ Aments 

 cylindrical, hairy. Calyx a scale, with 8 1-celled bearded anthers. ? 

 Aments loose, flowers in pairs under each deciduous scale ; ovary with 2 

 stigmas, enclosed in a sac (involucre), which in the Jiop-like fruit is inflated, 

 ovoid, and much larger than the nut. ^ Wood very hard and strong. 



O. Virginica Willd. Small tree 20 30f; leaves elliptical, acuminate, serrate; buds 

 acute ; fertile ament oblong, pendulous, 2'. Woods. April, May. 



6. CARFINUS, L. HORNBEAM. IRON-WOOD. $ Aments long, cylin- 

 dric. Calyx a roundish ciliate scale, with 814 stamens, slightly bearded. 

 $ Aments loose, with large oblong 3-lobed bracts, each 1-3-flowered. Calyx 



G-toothed. Stigmas 2. Nut ribbed. *> April, May. 



C. Americana L. Tree small, 12 20f; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate, serrate; 

 bracts of the fertile aments becoming leaf-like, 1' long. In woods. 



ORDER CXXIII. BETULACE^E. BIRCHWORTS. 



Trees or shrubs with bark in thin layers, 'leaves alternate, simple, straight- 

 veined, and with deciduous stipules. Flowers 8 , 3 together, in the axil of 

 each 3-lobed bract of the ament. Calyx 0. $ Stamens distinct, definite. 

 Anthers 2-celled. ? Ovary 2-celled, 2-ovuled, becoming in fruit a thin, 1- 

 celled, 1-seeded nut. Figs. 163-4, 283, 296, 3^7, 312, 437. 



