THE AXTKNN/R. 3 



a raised five-angled field the pentagonal or frontal 

 urea which is especially well defined with the 

 latina. 



There are three of these furrows on the vertex, one on 

 either side of the ocelli, and one between, running in 

 the direction of the central ocellus, but this middle 

 furrow is not always present. Other furrows proceed 

 from below the ocelli, round the base of the antennae 

 the frontal furrows. 



With Hylotoma, Nematus, &c., there is a projecting 

 ridge (sometimes with afovea the antennal ' fovea in 

 its centre) between the antennas the antennal tubercle. 



The clypeus is large, and is either deeply incised 

 or truncated at the apex. The labrum is transverse, 

 rounded, and often hairy at the apex. In rare cases 

 the apex of the clypeus is slightly indented as in 

 Gladius viminalis (PI. XV, fig. 3 b). 



The antennce. The antennae are placed immediately 

 over the clypeus. They are seldom (save in the case 

 of some male insects) much longer than the abdomen, 

 and may be, as in Perga, not much longer than the 

 head. With most species they taper slightly in thick- 

 ness towards the apex, while the joints decrease in 

 length, with those species which have them nine- 

 jointed ; the third joint being as a rule the largest. 

 The Gimbicides have them clavate or subclavate, the 

 apical joints forming a more or less distinct club. 

 Some species of Attantus and Tenthredo have them also 

 to a certain extent thickened at the apex, while others 

 have them more or less fusiform. The two basal 

 joints (forming the scape) are more globular than the 

 others, besides being the shortest. The remaining 

 joints may be of equal thickness throughout (as is more 

 often the case) or may be produced beneath into blunt 

 teeth (Lophyrus), or projecting processes (Tarpa). In 

 Pinicola (Xyela) the third joint is greatly developed, 

 much thickened, and fusiform in shape. Some species 

 of Lyda have the third joint enlarged and thickened, 

 and there may be, between it and the second, a small 



