LARVA OF PHYLLOTOMA. 283 



those with it luteous have pale yellow legs. The 

 wings are rarely hyaline, they are more usually smoky 

 throughout or in part. 



The larvae are very similar in form and coloration. 

 They are depressed, flattish, broader before than 

 behind ; the head is small, sharply pointed in front, 

 almost triangular, and capable of being withdrawn to 

 a certain extent into the folds of the second segment. 

 The legs are short, squat and knob-like, the abdominal 

 are very slightly developed. The colour is white, the 

 back appearing greenish when the food canal is filled. 

 The head is brown, darker at the sides, around the 

 mouth it is reddish-brown; eye spots black; man- 

 dibles brown. On the back of the second segment is 

 a dark brown plate, rounded at the sides and divided 

 in the middle. On the same segment beneath is a 

 horse-shoe or dumbbell-shaped black plate, narrow at 

 the base, spreading out on both sides at the apex. On 

 the next two or three segments, also on the underside, 

 there is, on each in the centre, a round brown dot. At 

 the last moult these markings are cast off ; the head 

 is then very pale brown with darker mandibles. 



In habits the larvas of the various species are as 

 similar as are they in form and coloration. The 

 female lays her eggs on the top or sides of a leaf. 

 When the larva escapes from the egg it eats its way 

 into the parenchyma, and soon eats an irregular 

 roundish blotch between the lower and upper epidermis, 

 which become so transparent that the creature inside 

 can be readily seen by holding the leaf to the light. 

 There may be only one larva in a leaf or several ; in 

 the latter case the blotches, at first distinct, become 

 in course of time united. The larvae are very cleanly 

 in their habits, insomuch as they open the leaf at the 

 edge and expell the " fass " through this opening. 

 When full fed they spin, attached to the sides of the 

 mine inside the leaf, a round, flat cocoon, usually dark 

 brown in colour, in which they become pupae. There 

 are usually two generations in the year. 





