294 FENUSA PUMILA. 



Fenusa fuliginosa, Healy, Ent., iii, 225. 



Aphadnurus tantellus, Costa, Fauna di Napoli, 41, pi. Ixvi, fig. 6. 



Black, shining; knees, tibiae and tarsi pale testaceous. Antennas 

 short, slightly thickened towards the apex ; the third joint not more 

 than double the length of the fourth. 



The $ similar, but with thicker antennae, sometimes paler on the 

 under side than above, and with the hinder tibiae suffused with black. 



Length 1 line. 



Smaller than the preceding ; the head scarcely so 

 pilose, the wings of a lighter tint; posterior tibiae 

 rarely black, tarsi paler ; antennae shorter, thickened 

 towards the apex, the third joint not more than double 

 the length of the fourth ; the joints more globose, not 

 so sharply cut off from one another ; and the frontal 

 sutures scarcely so deep. 



The larva, when young, has the body white, with a 

 greenish tinge on the back, caused by the food shining 

 through the food canal ; the head pale brown. On the 

 ventral surface of the second segment is a black dumb- 

 bell shaped mark, and in the centre of the third and 

 fourth is a round black dot. The feet are encircled 

 with black ; the abdominal ones entirely white, 

 Before the third moult the head is darker coloured ; 

 on the dorsal surface of the second segment is an 

 oblong, black mark, usually divided in two by a pale 

 line in the centre. On the ventral surface of the second 

 segment is an irregular black plate ; and on the third, 

 fourth, fifth and sixth there is, in the centre, a black 

 dot, these dots being, however, frequently absent from 

 the two last mentioned segments. At the last moult 

 the body loses the markings, and becomes of a yellowish- 

 white colour, with a pale brown head. Length about 

 5 lines. 



It lives on the leaves of the birch, preferring, as Mr. 

 Healy has remarked, a variety with woolly leaves. 

 There are usually from four to ten in a single leaf, 

 each mine being at first separate, but in course of time 

 they become united. There are two broods ; the first in 

 June and July, the second in August to October. The 

 pupa state is passed in the earth without the protection 

 of a cocoon. The pupa is white. 



