152 FAMILY OYNiPID^l. 



Classification. 



The first naturalist who placed the classification of 

 the Cynipidde on a satisfactory basis, as regards the 

 division into groups larger than genera, was Hartig 

 (Germ. Zeit., i, ii, iii). His system was as follows : 



I. Cynipides. The first [second] abdominal seg- 

 ment longer than the others. This was divided into 

 two sections : 



1. Species with a narrow, elongated, radial cellule, 

 having the areolet at its base. This contained the 

 true gall-makers. 



2. Species with a broad and short radial cellule, 

 having the areolet in its middle. This comprised the 

 inquiline species (Synergus) 9 Allotria, Cothonaspis, and 

 Megapelmus. 



II. Figitides. The first [second] abdominal seg- 

 ment longer than all the others = Figitides. 



III. Ibalides [Hartig included this tribe in the 

 Figitides}. The abdominal segments equal in length, 

 strongly compressed, cultriform. 



C. Gr. Thomson (CEf., 1861) introduced a decided 

 improvement into the classification by dividing the 

 tribes into sub-tribes. Of the former he had three 

 Cynipina (this group was not defined by him in 

 the above paper, which dealt only with the parasitic 

 species), Inquilinde, and Parasiticse. 



The " Parasiticde " were divided into three sub- 

 groups : 



I. Eucoelidde, distinguished, inter alia, by the cup- 

 shaped depression in the scutellum, and by the second 

 abdominal segment being " maximo, reliquiis brevis- 



sirms." 



II. Ibalidae, having no cup-shaped depression on the 

 scutellum ; the abdomen compressed, and with seg- 

 ments 2 6 equal. 



III. Figitidds, which are merely described as hav- 

 ing no fovea on the top of scutellum, and the antenna 



