ADULT FEMALE. 75 



tubes (dorsal tubular spinnerets, Fig. 11, b). On the 

 ventral surface is the vaginal opening (Fig. 11, g), 

 surrounding which there are frequently groups of 

 glands (circumgenital glands, Fig. 11, /?,), which are 

 apparently absent in all the viviparous species ; along 

 the margin there may be four distinct organs, viz. 



Fig. 11, c, pores : tubular spinnerets, either recessed, 

 or forming conspicuous projections. 



Fig. 11, d, lobes : of these there are from one to four 

 pairs; they are the most conspicuous organs, 

 are broad, have the margins rounded, lobate, 

 notched, or serrate. Probably used to strip off 

 the epidermal hairs, etc., of the plant. 



Fig. 11, e, plates: hollow secreting organs, resem- 

 bling large spines; or bifurcate, to broadly 

 palmate with long fringes. 



Fig. ll,/, spines. 



For other types of pygidia see Plates II, VII, X, 

 XVI, XVII, XXXIII, and XXXIV, and elsewhere. 



MALE SECOND STAGE. 

 (PL XX, fig. 7.) 



The second-stage male closely resembles that of the 

 female in being apterous and apodous, and possessing 

 a rostrum and pygidium with tubular spinnerets. 



PUPA. 

 (PL XX, figs. 8, 9.) 



In this, the third stage, the insect loses all trace of 

 the mouth-organs, but possesses rudimentary legs and 

 antennae, wings, and stylus. At first the appendages 

 are short, but they lengthen out before the final 

 change. When the latter takes place the moulted 

 skin is ejected at the posterior extremity of the 

 puparium. 



