172 AULACASPIS (DIASPIS) 



sets in the male larvae effect their first moult, and a small 

 portion of the puparium is formed (PI. XIV, fig. 13) ; 

 but the female larvse do not moult until the following 

 spring, and may be found throughout the winter 

 either permanently fixed or active even during severe 

 frosts. In early spring the male puparium is completed; 

 subsequently pupation takes place, and the perfect 

 males may be looked for from the middle to the end of 

 May, the time of appearance varying according to the 

 season. In 1896 the males swarmed on the 19th of 

 May. The final moult of the female is effected either 

 immediately prior to or after fecundation, at which 

 stage the puparium is small and decidedly like 1 u 

 Chionaspis (PI. XIV, fig. 5). By the end of summer it 

 is completed, and will then be found to contain its 

 imprisoned female, together with her batch of pale 

 crimson eggs ; later, in winter, her dead shrivelled 

 body and the white, effete egg skins, with an occa- 

 sional larva. Mr. Green obtained males in August, 

 1895, but this was probably a case of retarded develop- 

 ment. I am quite confident that the wild colonies 

 under observation in Cheshire and Gloucestershire 

 undergo their transformations as already stated, and 

 are single-brooded. 



EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 



PL XIV, fig. 1. Insects natural size /// xitu on branch 



of wild rose. 



Fig. 2. Puparia of adult female (dorsal). X 15. 

 Fig. 3. Puparium of adult female, ventral view 



disclosing female and eggs. X 20. 

 Fig. 4. Adult female prior to parturition. X 35. 

 Fig. 5. Puparium of second-stage female at period 



of fecundation. X 20. 

 Fig. 6. Puparium of male. X 20. 

 Fig. 7. Male. X 30. 

 Fig. 8. Apical joint of antenna of male. X 500. 



