184 CH10NASPIS SALICIS. 



puparia were found almost completely hidden in the 

 narrow characteristic crevices of the bark, by which 

 they were thus beautifully protected from the searching 

 eyes of insectivorous birds. In such situations the 

 character of the puparium is greatly altered by contact 

 with the narrow walls of its habitat, and assumed a 

 narrowly elongate form of an almost uniform width 

 throughout, thus affording one of the most interesting 

 instances of adaptation to environment that I have yet 

 seen in the Coccidse. It is also met with occasionally 

 upon privet (Ligustrum v nit/arc'), guelder rose (Vihnr- 

 num opulus), birch (Betula alia), broom (Cytisus 

 scoparius), Ribes sangui'iieum, poplar (rojml.nx, sp.), lime 

 (Tilia, sp.) (Douglas), lilac (Syr ing a, sp.). 



Distribution. Has been met with as far north as 

 Ilmola, Finland, in 63 north latitude (Renter, in lit.) ; 

 is common in many parts of Southern and Western 

 Europe. In Bohemia (Sulc) and Switzerland it occurs 

 freely on Vaccinium, on which plant Mr. Brockton 

 Tomlin met with it at Courmayeur, at an altitude of 

 about 4000 feet. Comstock has found it in the United 

 States of America. 



Habits. Egg-laying commences about the beginning 

 of August, but the larvae do not hatch until the 

 following May, and so numerous are they in many 

 instances that for a few days the bark assumes a reddish 

 or rusty appearance. By the middle of June the male 

 puparia are formed, and a few days prior to the escape 

 of the males the pupal skin is cast off, and may be seen 

 near the anal extremity of the puparium. The perfect 

 insect appears soon after this, and may be looked for 

 from the end of June to the middle of July (June 30th, 

 1896). Like the rest of the male Diaspinde, they 

 emerge from the puparium backwards. Twice has it 

 been my good fortune to see these little creatures 

 make their way into the world. On both occasions 

 the whole of the abdomen and thorax were first 

 protruded, then finally the wings. During the process 

 the latter were pulled completely over the head, and 



