190 CHIONASPTS BIOLAV1S. 



Fig. 8. Pupa (dorsal). X 30. 

 Fig. 9. Pupa (ventral). X 30. 

 Fig. 10. Male. X 35. 

 PI. XXI, fig. 9. Adult female parasitised, x 45. 



Fig. 10. Adult female (normal). X 45. 

 (Both figs. 9 and 10 from specimens after treatment 



with potash.) 



PL XXII, fig. 2. Pygidium of adult female. X 250. 

 PL XXVII, fig. 3. Margin of pygidium of adult female. 

 X 600. 



CHIONASPIS BICLAVIS (Comstock). 



(PL XXI, figs. 18; PL XXIII, fig. 1; PL XXVII, 



fig. 1.) 



Chionaspis bidavis, Comstock ; Second Report on 



Scale Insects, 1883, p. 98. 

 Howardia bidavis, Leonardi; Rivista di 



vegetale, Anno iv, Num. 7 12, p. 348. 

 Axpidiotus theae (part), Green; Insect Pests of the 



Tea Plant, p. 12 ; Coccidse of Ceylon, p. 152. 



Puparium of adult female (PL XXI, figs. 1 5) com- 

 pletely covered by the thin epidermal layer of fibre 

 and scales of the bark or leaf of its food-plant. The 

 yellow larval exuviae which remain exposed upon the 

 surface, and the slight swellings upon the plant, are the 

 only indications of its presence. Stripped of its 

 borrowed covering (PL XXI, fig. 4), the form of the 

 puparium is subcircular, ovate, or ellipsoidal ; greyish 

 in colour and faintly stained with yellow ; underside 

 pure white. Second exuviae dull crimson, secretionary 

 covering opaque white. Ventral scale (PL XXI, fig. 2) 

 white, complete, is rather stout, and usually adheres to 

 the plant. 



Long. 275 3 mm. 



Adult female (PL XXI, fig. 6) after treatment with 



