46 SATURDAY LECTURES. 



The man who takes no interest in these questions will 

 never make a scientist. 



When, then, we have been able, in a measure, to answer 

 the question " What?" and have the facts before us in records 

 or in museums, there presents itself to the scientific mind 

 the second query, "How?" How came this to pass? What 

 have been the processes? Can they be repeated or varied? 



Here comes in, the so-called practical, economic appli- 

 cation of scientific knowledge, the use of facts, nowhere 

 more earnestly studied than in our own land. 



The jNIuseum calls into existence the Institute of Tech- 

 nology. 



But while some are content to stop here, to others comes 

 irresistibly the query, " Why ? " What are the underlying 

 principles? And the query divides itself into two — causal 

 and teleological. What is the reason, the cause, the state- 

 ment in terms of law ? What is the object, the final result, 

 the end to, or for which? 



And here in this Smithsonian Institution are gathered 

 men who are giving their lives to the answering of these 

 questions. 



The museum, with its facts, both in biology and anthro- 

 pology, has rendered possible the two lectures to which we 

 have already listened with so much of interest and profit. 



Now, in this scientific army, it were well if we all were 

 enrolled, according to our talents and our opportunities, and 

 it is, I suppose, one object of this course to interest, if pos- 

 sible, all who attend, in scientific subjects; to instruct in 

 scientific methods ; to give information as to what has been 

 done, and to suggest what remains to do. 



I shall now attempt, in accordance with the principles 

 thus enunciated, to state a few facts, possibly some of them 

 new to some of you, to make a few generalizations, to sug- 

 gest some things to be observed, and some results of obser- 

 vation among the Appalachians. 



Out upon the watery waste of the Archean Ocean, as the 

 Eozoic age was drawing to its close, looked here and there a 



