<H TI.INKS Ol" SO('H»I.(>«iV. 'il 



law. In the (»ii:aiii/:iti<»ii of societies units ot" diHereut 

 ordorsaredisfovercd. A society of the hijxhostor first orderis 

 made iipof a nuinberof societies or j;rouj»s of a second order, 

 and tliese may ai,^ain he made ujt of a number of groups of a 

 third or fourtii ordei'. The term state as liere used em- 

 luaces tlie entin- hody of men included in the lart^est unit, 

 and conseriuently all the men of each subordinate unit, 

 when it refer- to tli(' body politic as a <i"roup of men, and 

 when it refers to the oruanization it in<-ludesthe constituent 

 plan of the largest and its included units. It should l)e 

 noticed that this use of the term state is not consistent with 

 a common practice in this country, but we may illustrate 

 by reference thereto. The term state would tlius be synony- 

 mous with United States, including its several units of 

 States, counties, townships, cities, wards and all other sub- 

 ordinate divisions. The term state, then, is used to desig- 

 nate an organized body of people of the higliest order em- 

 bracing all its subsidiary organizations. 



SOCIOLOGIC CLASSES. 



In tlie foregoing characterization of the state it has been 

 considered as a body politic organized for civil government, 

 that is, for the regulation of the conduct of the individuals 

 of the state as they are related to each other. But the con- 

 duct of the members of the state, or of tlie entire body 

 politic, may have relations to other bodies politic: so that 

 conduct must be regulated in its internal relations and its 

 external relations. 



Now, the relations of state to stale may be i-egulated. by 

 <-ommon agreement, and they are thus regulated to a large 

 i'xtent. I>ut thi'i regulation is imperfect and weak Irom the 

 fact that no common government is organized to which all 

 the states are alike obedient. The lack of such a common 

 government for states leads to the settlement of disputes by 

 war. Each state {)repares itself to enforce its'wishes or de- 

 fend its rights by resort to arms. It seems prol)able that in 

 the earliest stages of society all able-bodied men take part 

 in its militarv aflairs. Riit verv (\irlv a <liirerentiation is 



