62 SATURDAY LECTURES. 



discovered by which u pait only of the men belong to the 

 army ; and thus we have the military class as distinguished 

 from the civil class. 



In all governments which have hitherto existed, human 

 conduct has been regulated in its relations to supernatural 

 beings. It has always been believed that the welfare of man- 

 kind depends largely or even primaril}- upon the will of the 

 gods, or of one god — the Supreme Ruler of the Universe. 



The relation of man to his god gives rise to religion. 

 The conduct involved is religious conduct ; and hence reli- 

 gion comes to be an important factor in determining the 

 constitution of the state, the nature of the government, and 

 the character of the law. 



Thus in the constitution of the state we find three classes of 

 people more or less distinctly differentiated : The civil, the 

 military, and the priestly class. As these classes appear in 

 the constitution of the state they also affect in varying de- 

 grees the form of the government, and the relations arising 

 therefrom are regulated by law. 



.SOCIAL RANKS. 



In many stages of society grades or ranks of people are 

 discovered based upon heredity, possession of land, wealth 

 and other circumstances giving rise to aristocracies — com- 

 mon people and slaves — patricians and plebeians. 



CORPORATIONS. 



In many states two grand classes of organizations are 

 found — the first class is directly related to government and 

 embraces the organizations mentioned above as grouped 

 in different orders. The second class is indirectlj'^ related 

 to government. These organizations serve a variety of 

 purposes. Men are organized into societies for religious, 

 charitable, educational, industrial, and other ends, and 

 such societies will here be called corporations. These 

 organizations of the minor class, unlike those of the major 

 class, do not constitute a part of the government, but 

 they form a part" of the state and must necessarily be 



