(')() SATURDAY LECTIKES. 



relating to the law. Under these circumstances, it is found 

 necessary for the state to devise, as a part of its govern- 

 ment, some organ for the interpretation of the law in its ap- 

 plication to specific acts. This gives rise to the judicial de- 

 partment of government. 



These three great functions have never been clearly 

 differentiated in the organization of a government ; but the 

 distinctions have usually been perceived and a partial 

 differentiation of organs is ever found. 



In the constitution of the. state, it has been seen, three 

 grand classes arise — the civil, the military, and the religious. 

 Wherever in the state sitch classes appear, the form of gov- 

 ernment is adapted to the regulation which the constitution 

 of the state demands, and in this manner the functions of 

 government may be classified as civil, militarj'', and religi- 

 ous — ^the military government inhering in the arm}', the 

 religious government in the priesthood — and armies and 

 jjriesthoods are constituent parts of such governments. 



Usuall}' in all stages of society, military government is 

 entire!}' subordinate to civil government, but there are 

 times in the middle stages of society when the military gov- 

 ernment assumes inordinate proportions, so that the civil 

 government becomes subsidiary thereto ; but such military 

 governments performing civil functions are ei^hemeral. 



Again, in the constitution of the state, religious organiza- 

 tions invariably constitute an important factor. In the low- 

 est tribes a priesthood is a part of the government. In 

 certain stages of society a priesthood sometimes acquires in- 

 ordinate j)Owers, and ecclesiastical or religious governments 

 are organized ; but such governments arise only occasionall}^ 

 and are ephemeral. 



In the constitution of the state two classes of organiza- 

 tions are found — those relating directly to the government, 

 called the major organizations, and those relating indirectly 

 to the government, called the minor organizations, or corpo- 

 rations, and each corporation develops from its own body 

 of members a government of its own, through which, in 

 part, it is related to the government of the state, and to 



