72 SATIIIDAV I.KCTIIIKS. 



gress organization l»y kinsliij) niu^t give way, and gradually 

 it does give way, to be re])laced ])y organization on a prop- 

 erty basis. Organization on a jiropcrty basis appears in 

 many ways, but chiefly in two — lirst, ea])tives in war and 

 otlier persons ai'e made slaves, and become property them- 

 selves; and, second, a ]>articular form of pn>[)crty — land — 

 gradually comes to be of prime importance, and is at last 

 taken as the basis of the primary classification of the state, 

 which is territorial. 



By various jn'ocesses of alliance, by conquest, by develop- 

 ment of feudalities, and by slavery, states are integrated, 

 and by the development of the organs of government and 

 private corporations, the classes of the state are differentiated, 

 and with this the plan of the state is changed from a kin- 

 ship to a property basis. 



COURSE (3F INVOLUTION OF GOVERNMENT. 



The earliest form of government of which we have 

 knowledge consists of an assembly composed of men, from 

 >vhich are excluded all deemed too young or too old to ex- 

 hibit due wisdom. This assembly is the law-making power, 

 i. c, the legislature, and the law applying power, i. e., the 

 court. It is, in fact, the body of able men meeting to confer 

 and decide upon conduct, and is essentially legislature and 

 judiciary undifferentiated. This assembly has a presiding 

 officer who obtains the position by common consent or for- 

 mal choice, and who sometimes acts as an executive officer 

 in carrying out the decisions of the assembly. But this 

 executive power, though it may sometimes, does not invari- 

 ably inhere in the presiding officer. 



Sometimes, and perhaps usually, the executive power is 

 delegated to a committee of the assembly. The committee 

 may be appointed temjwrarily to carry out a specific deter- 

 mination of the assembly, or it may be a standing com- 

 mittee to carry out a class of determinations. The form 

 of government thus described probably exists at present 

 in some of the tribes of Australia and elsewhere, as such 

 accounts are given by travelers and students of ethnol- 



