()ITI.im;s iti' s(>( Kn.oiiY. 73 



ogy ; l>ut those aiToiints ,uc ini()iii|ilctc. :iii<l have been 

 niadi' l>y |)ersons iidI tlioiuii^lily ti-aino(l in this hrancli of 

 anthiojtologic rt'.sfai\li, s(» that altojjctlicr \\\v existence ol" 

 siu-h a «j[Overnmont is at present uncertain. It is also prolj- 

 able that this Inrni of ^ovcinnient has existed in })ast times 

 anions; tribes whu have ni»\v atlvanced l)eyond it. Tlir lino 

 ot" aruunient i»n wliich this is based eannot hen' lir |»re- 

 sente(l, and it i- but fair to say that |iositi\"c concln.-iKns 

 have not Iteen readied. 



A somewhat hiiiher form of ( iovcrnmeiit has been dis- 

 covered in Anieiiea and eUewiierc wldeli may l)e more 

 thorouiihly describe<l. in tbi- the assembly of the })eo[)le 

 is more definitely organizetL The [tresiding officer is Ibrni- 

 ally selected, and his tenure of office is for life, unless other- 

 wise formally determined by the asseml)ly for cause. In 

 addition to this, a chief or system of ehiefs is found whose 

 duties are executive. The chief is also a member of the as- 

 sembly, but is not a chief Ijy virtue of such membership but 

 by choice of the p(^ople. The chieftaincy is never here- 

 ditary. 



In the UK^st highly developed governments the three 

 great classifications of governmental functions are highly, 

 though not comjjletely, dilferentiated, giving rise to legisla- 

 tive, executive, and judicial departments, represented by the 

 asscmbb/, the ruler, and the court. 



The a.ssembly itself is elaborately organized and tlillercn- 

 tiated into two or more correlated divisions. I'^xecutive 

 functions are highly differentiated and distributed among 

 various cla-^ses of officers over wliom the ruler [>resides. The 

 judicial functions jtlso are differentiated, and su})erior and 

 subordinate courts are organized. fJetween the two forms 

 thus described, many intermediati! forms are<li.<covered, and 

 the course of progress is waywaid and various. In the ear- 

 lier part of this course, Jufhcial function-^ are to ;i gi-eater or 

 less extent assumed by the executive, anil Ibr a long time 

 this division of the functions of the couit between the two 

 departments of government continues — being clainnil, now 

 by one, now by the other. .\t tinie<. too. in the course of 



