TArr, I5KOCA. 1 1.) 



tran.^iu'tions. The work it ;uliitvcil was oxc-elli'iit in kind, 

 but its inc'inbcrsliip was never laij^'o, and n<» ;;i-(;al <U-;;rco 

 of /cal was evinced hv those beloiigin;^ to it. In 1.S42, the 

 Anieiican l>tlinolo;j:it-al Society (b) was founded by Albert 

 ( lallatin.and in bS4l.the Ktlni<)lo,u:ical Soeiety of J.ondon (o) 

 was established, both after the model of the French Society. 



Possessing" no uuiseuiii tor the accumulation of specimens, 

 the Kthnolo|[;ieal Society of Paris devoted itself mainly to 

 the investigation of certain races, their habits and customs. 

 Unfortunately, too, for its prosperity, it toi)k up with great 

 heat the subject of slavery, which was being fiercely debated 

 in France in the years 1847-8. The society was interested 

 only in the question of race, and of the single or multiple 

 origin of mankind, but an absurd belief became general 

 that ethnology was, in some mysterious manner, another 

 name lor abolitionism, and this prejudice survived to be an 

 obstacle in the establishment of the Anthropological Society, 

 ten vears iatei'. 



What tlie circumstances were that led to the foundation: 

 of the latter society, through what discouragements and 

 obstructions it forced its way onward, and what success was 

 at last achieved, will be described in the biographic sketch 

 of Broca which will be presently attempted. 



The time was ripejor the undertaking. The society was 

 established in 183U, {d,} and in the years immediately i)re- 

 ceding rapid advances had been made in the various 

 branches of knowledge which constitute anthropology. In 

 England, Davis and Thurnam had Ijegun their great work, 

 the Crania Britannica : inSwe(len, Ret/.ius was carrying on 

 his remarkable studies in craniology ; Morton, of Pliiladel- 

 j)hia, having ama.s.sed the collection of skulls which was, 

 for many years, the richest craniological collection in the 

 world, had produced his important work, the Crania Amer- 

 icana. Boucher de Perthes, after eighteen j'cars of labor in 

 the quaternary deposits of Abbeville, had at last triumphed 

 over ridicule and malice, and had .^een his proofs of the 

 great anti([uity of man accepted by the leading paheontol- 

 ogists of the world. In Demnark. the Kitchen-middens, 



