118 SATURDAY LECTURES. 



It was under the auspices thus outlined that the Society 

 of Anthropology of Paris began its career. Its success was 

 assured as the Cjuality of its work became known, and within 

 ten years, in all the chief kingdoms of Europe, societies of 

 like purpose were organized, and are in the full tide of 

 j)rosperity and active occupation at the present day. 



And here it may be well to ex]5lain why the term " ethnol- 

 ogy" has been so generally superseded by the term "an- 

 thropology." The former, as you are aware, is the science 

 which treats of the races of men. Linnaeus and Buffon 

 were its chief founders, but Blumenbach moulded it into 

 the shape which it yet preserves. It is to him that we owe 

 the five divisions of the human race which still maintain 

 their place in our school-books, though they have long since 

 been discarded from scientific description. Ethnology 

 classifies mankind according to certain resemblances of 

 features, color, hair, dress, weapons, and the like ; anthropol- 

 ogy takes his anatomical structure as the basis of comparison. 

 Broca, speaking of the two, says : " Ethnologists regard man 

 as the primitive element of tribes, races, and peoples. 

 The anthropologist looks at him as a member of the fauna 

 of the globe, belonging to a zoological classification, and 

 subject to the same laws as the rest of the animal kingdom. 

 To study him from the last point of view only would be to 

 lose sight of some of his most interesting and practical re- 

 lations ; but to be confined to the ethnologist's views is to 

 set aside the scientific rule which requires us to proceed 

 from the simple to the compound, from the known to the 

 unknown, from the material and organic fact to the functional 

 phenomena." 



You were told in a preceding lecture that ten distinct 

 sciences were included under the name of anthropology; 

 ethnology, much shorn of its significance, being one of them. 

 You will see then that the more comprehensive term was 

 necessary to indicate the scope of the investigations pursued. 



I propose next to give you a succinct account of the 

 societies which Avere founded after the model of the Paris 

 association. 



