r.MI. I'.IIOCA. 



129 



musruni raniiot Ik- well luaiiilaiiictl witluiut a lahoratory, 

 and tlu- (liffirultic's in the way of ohtaiiiiii.u tlic latter were 

 vi'iy mvat, fur tlic law Ibrbadc the takiu;; Mibjci-is for 

 <lissvction anywhere exeej)! to the rooms of the l-'aciiliy of 

 Medieine. In 1S(^>7, however, IJroea was nominated as one 

 of the professors of the Faeulty of Medieine and the dilH- 

 eultv was solved. He was entitled to a lal»oratory lor his 

 personal investigations, and two small rooms were assij^iied 

 liim for the i>uri)ose. It was here, with M. Ilamy for ids 

 as.sistani. that he began his researehes in the eomparative 

 anatomy of the primates. It wa< here, too, that lie invented 

 manv ingenious instruments to be employed in eraniometry, 

 or the measurement of tlie skull. In eonneetion with this 

 espeeial work of Broea's, it may be well to give some ex- 

 planation of what eonstitutes eraniometry. without doubt, 

 the most important i)art of our laboratory work. Crani- 

 ometry comprises measurements of the <hy skull, both its 

 external and internal surfaces, its various angles, its relation 

 to the si)inal column, its internal capacity and the propor- 

 tion and weight of the brain; external measurements are 

 to be made, whenever possible, in the living person also. 

 Moreover, these measurements, to be of value, must be made 

 in large nundjers. so that the average, or mean, may be 

 trustworthy. To obtain these dimensions, many complicated 

 and costly instruments have l)een invented, the greater 

 nundjcr of those now in use having been devised by Broca. 

 I had inten<le(l to bring some of these instruments here in 

 order to give you an illustration of the manner in which 

 they are used but I found that it would oceupy more time 

 than we can spare. I shall read you the names of Broea's 

 craniometrie inventions. 



In 1800, he invented the cruiii<tf/rapli ; an instrument tor 

 giving tlic profile of the skull. 



In 1.S04, the new goniometer. The instrument in use, for 

 many years, for taking the facial angle was the one invented 

 by Dr. Morton of Philadelphia ; Jacquart made a vastly im- 

 proved instrument, but Broea's goniometer had the merit of 

 simplicity and <heapness. 



