IN HIGHER PEOPLES 111 



complete when they are separated from their kind. 

 Early men had this feeling. 



Men must have had from the beginning a cer- 

 tain sympathy for each other, and must have 

 warned each other of danger and given mutual 

 aid in attack and defense. As men became more 

 dominant in the world and the non-humans be- 

 came of less consequence as enemies, men turned 

 more and more against each other. Out of the 

 long, fierce strife which men have waged among 

 themselves, have developed, on the one hand, the 

 tribal instincts, ideas, prejudices, and hatreds, 

 and, on the other, unity, loyalty, and patriotism. 



The desire for praise and the dread of hlame 

 are powerful incentives among all savages, as 

 they are still among all higher peoples. The de- 

 sire for "gloiy" is strong even among the rudest 

 savages, as is shown by their excessive boasting, 

 the care with which they decorate themselves, and 

 their craving for ''trophies," which last are mere- 

 ly the evidences that they are entitled to some 

 sort of distinction. 



The savage has only a very slight knowledge of 

 the world in which he lives. He has no railroads 

 to travel on, no telegraphs nor telephones, no 

 newspapers and no books. He knows for the most 

 part what he sees and hears. His world is bound- 

 ed largely by his horizon. What there may be be- 

 yond the mountain chain he does not know. But 

 whoever is over there is his enemy. And the fel- 



