142 SAVAGE SURVIVALS 



many of the species of higher animals do most of 

 the fighting. This is true in buffaloes, wild 

 horses, deer, apes, and monkeys, and many other 

 animals. A herd of buffaloes when attacked will 

 get the females and young in the center, around 

 which the males will form a ring with their heads 

 outward to receive the attack. Men used to do the 

 same thing in early times when attacked by In- 

 dians on the plains. They formed a ring with 

 the women and children in the center. The greater 

 size and strength of the males in many species is 

 due largely to the fact that the males have been 

 the warriors of the species. 



The usual state of early man was a state of war. 

 Peace was the exception. 



The final condition of mankind will be one of 

 unbroken peace. War will ultimately be unthought 

 of — except as men read of it in history. As time 

 passes the fighting instinct will grow weaker and 

 more disreputable and the humane and sympa- 

 thetic instincts will grow correspondingly strong- 

 er, and men will come at last to settle their dif- 

 ferences in courts of reason and justice. 



We live today in an intermediate stage of devel- 

 opment. Peace is the prevailing state, but the 

 fighting instinct still survives, and continues to 

 break out in frequent duels between individuals 

 and nations. It will be with nations as it has been 

 with individuals. Individual men used to always 

 fight out their differences. There were no courts 

 of justice among the earliest men. It is now un- 



