SEA AND LAND 



How Energy Conies to and Acts upon the Earth's Surface.— The Work of Water on the 

 Coasts.— Facts to be Noted on a Coast-Line. — Land constantly Wearing away and 

 Sea-floor Receiving Sediments.— Slight Effect of Sea on Rocky Shore.— Effect of Shore 

 Currents. — Trap-Dykes.— The Great Yorkshire Wave-Terrace.- Sea-Caves.— Frost and 

 Ice. — Organic Life. — Elevated and Submerged Beaches. 



Ox the greater part of the earth's surface men may dwell 

 unconscious of the fact that the earth is a laboratory which 

 is day by day accomplishing constructive work — work which 

 in the process of the years and ages brings about revolutions 

 in the forms of land and sea as well as in the nature of their 

 climates, and thus alters all the conditions of life. Those 

 who live near active volcanoes, or in lands which are fre- 

 quently shaken by earthquakes, now and then have evidence 

 brought to their attention which shows that this globe is a 

 w^ork-shop wherein much is done ; but in most lands the 

 order of nature is so quiet, and its processes so familiar, that 

 the whole appears merely commonplace. It is otherwise, 

 however, w^ith those wdio dwell in the peculiar realm where 

 the ereat reservoir of the waters comes in contact with the 

 land : on the ocean's shore the processes of change are so 

 marked, man's combat with them so continued, that all mar- 

 iners, and even those w^ho reside near the sea, acquire a far 

 more vivid impression of the earth's activities. 



The beo-inner in treolocrv should at the outset of his 



