lO 



SEA AND LAND 



surf swiftly to rise into the form of a wall ; the upper part of 

 the mass of the water being- less retarded than that at the 

 Ijase, shoots violently forward, and near the shore tumbles 

 over in the manner of the familiar breakers or surf. 



When the waves break at the foot of cliffs they then strike 

 much more effective blows than when they splash against 





, "5 VS ----->.-v 



them, as they 

 do when the)' 

 roll through 

 deep water to their 

 base. R u s h i II g 

 over the shallow 

 Ijottom in times 

 of heavy storms, 



View showing ttie result of erosion on the shores of a rocky island 

 the)' hurl the loose of considerable heijjht. The dotted lines indicate the oriKinal 



preater extension of the isle. The beach in the foreground is. in 

 stories, even it tn('\' fact, a rocky shelf, the remnant of the cliff which once extended 



much further out to sea. 



wcngh a ton or 



more, forward aeainst the base of the cliff. The blow 

 these wave-swayed stones can strike is very great ; it Is some- 

 times almost as powerful as that which is delivered by a shot 

 from an ancient battery against a besieged wall. If the stu- 

 dent will watch the action of the storm-waves upon a coast 



Tantalion Castie and Bass Rock 



