48 THE NURSERY 



made) spade about 2 feet in width, the seedlings carefully 

 lined in, and the soil then wedged back. 



Seedlings thus transplanted are generally allowed to 

 remain for 2 years, after which they are usually planted out 

 in the woods. But if they are not going to be planted out 

 at the end of this 2 years, they should always, except in the 

 case of Norway Spruce, which may remain for 3 years, 

 be again transplanted into rows, which should be about 

 14 inches apart, and the trees placed 6 inches apart in the 

 rows. Thus there can be about 35,000 to the acre. 



In cases where large trees are required for ornamental 

 planting, they should be regularly transplanted in the 

 nursery every other year, for otherwise they will suffer 

 severely from the shock of removal. 



In order to save the expense of transplanting, the roots of 

 young transplants are often cut through with a sharp spade 

 dug in on either side of the rows ; such a method is 

 admissible if it is desired to leave the plants for only one 

 more year, but otherwise it is only a poor substitute for 

 transplanting, and the growing trees will be found too close 

 together in the rows. 



Some trees, as for instance, Black Walnut, Pinus pinaster, 

 and Corsican Pine, should be transplanted every year without 

 fail, if their success in planting out is to be guaranteed. 



A rotation, as it were, of cropping should be observed in 

 the nursery. Hardwood trees should follow conifers, and 

 vice versa, as this will minimise insect and fungoid attacks. 



Throughout their life in the nursery the young plants 

 require constant attention. If dry weather sets in, watering 

 is generally necessary. Hoeing and weeding are always 

 necessary, and must be done 3 or 4 times a year. It is very 

 expensive, especially the weeding of seed-beds. The weeds, 

 in beds sown broadcast, must be merely cut through with a 

 sharp knife ; to pull them up would disturb the seedlings. 



As regards the cost of nursery operations. Hoeing 

 and transplanting are the chief items of expense. 



There will not be much difference in the cost per 1000 

 plants, of hoeing seedlings, whether they were sown broad- 



