340 SYLVICULTURAL NOTES ON TIMBER TREES 



But on fairly moist soils, it is often very easy and very 

 profitable. 



Ash naturally regenerated may be perpetually grown as 

 a two-storied high forest, the upper storey being removed 

 when necessary. 



Larch and Ash grow well as a mixture for about 30 years ; 

 after that, one or other of the species should usually be cut 

 out (as the Larch will surpass the Ash), and underplanting 

 should take place. 



Ash and Spanish Chestnut is another very good mixture ; 

 though the Chestnut, thus grown, will be rather coarse ; but 

 they can advisably be coppiced. 



Ash is peculiarly suitable for the system of high forest 

 with coppice. And for being partially cleared from the 35th 

 year onwards. 



Usually, when Ash is grown in a mixture, in high forest, 

 it should be planted in small pure groups or patches ; for its 

 side branches will have little pruning effect on any other trees 

 except Larch, with which it may be mixed by single trees. 



The thinnings of Ash and small poles are most valuable. 



Young Ash standards in coppice should, if the rotation be 

 a long one, be freed from time to time of any growth of 

 coppice which threatens them, otherwise they will be unduly 

 drawn up, and will be unable to support their own weight 

 when the coppice is cut. 



Rotation. This must be short from 65 to 75 years. 1 



Average Returns from pure crops in high forest should be 

 per acre : 



Thinnings . . . 1380 cub. ft. to 2 in. q. g. 

 Final yield (at 70 years) . 1900 6 

 Total production . . 3780 2 



Average annual increment, 54 cub. ft. 



Equivalent net rental 2 for land only } at 3% = 173. 



(from date of planting) j" at 4% = 93. 3d. 



1 Thus, seldom can any undercrop be felled at the same time. 



2 After deducting interest on &, the cost of planting and establish- 

 ing the crop 



