358 SYLVICULTURAL NOTES ON TIMBER TREES 



The broad-leaved species is rather more exacting than the 

 other species. 



When grown for ornament in towns, or when the atmos- 

 phere is impure, a smooth-leaved variety (e.g., T. intermedia} 

 should be planted, as its leaves are washed clean by each 

 heavy shower of rain. 



Cultivation, etc. The trees grow fast, especially the 

 broad-leaved variety ; and on good soil they are capable of 

 withstanding considerable shade. They su ffer little from being 

 transplanted, and get established almost at once. They stand 

 pruning very well ; but, as is the case with all soft-wooded 

 trees, only small branches should be pruned, on account of the 

 danger from fungous attacks. The trees coppice well, and 

 the stools are long-lived. 



Lime may be used for underplanting thinly canopied 

 crops, and may often be useful where other species, except 

 Hornbeam, might outgrow the overwood before the latter 

 were ready to be felled. The trees are thickly foliaged, and 

 their fall of leaves can well protect the soil. 



Trees raised by layering appear to have a greater tendency 

 to throw out side branches and to develop a mass of latent 

 buds along the stem and at the base of the tree than is the 

 case with those trees raised from seed. 



Owing to the limited market for the timber, the planting 

 of lime can hardly be recommended. A limited number of 

 trees can often be sold well if the retail market be sought 

 out ; but, otherwise, there is only a poor market for the 

 timber. 



If, however, the timber could be sold for about is. 6d. a 

 cubic foot, it would probably pay to plant it, especially the 

 broad-leaved variety. 



Of Fungi. Nectria ditissima sometimes causes a canker 

 on the bark of the stems and branches. 



Nectria cinnabarina, the Coral Spot Fungus, causes a 

 canker on the branches. 



Of Insects. The larvae of the Winter Moth (Cheimatobia 

 brumata) devour the foliage. 



