IMPLEMENTS FOR PLANTING. 115 



limited and retarded, by the high price charged for it 

 by the patentee. 



On Transplanting Machines, old and new. 



Mr Kay, forester, Bute, in the ' Transactions of 

 the Scottish Arboricultural Society' for 1874, pp. 

 186-89, after some critical remarks on the various 

 machines and appliances in use, gives a drawing and 

 description of one constructed by himself. He says : 



" Having a number of trees to transplant in spring 

 (1873), and there being nothing more suitable for the 

 purpose than a common janker used for transporting 

 logs, I carefully considered the construction of those 

 machines that have been in use for some time, such 

 as M'Glashen's and Mackay's (referred to in Brown's 

 ' Forester '), as well as the old-fashioned janker. It 

 appeared to me that none of them possessed the sim- 

 plicity and power necessary for carefully lifting, re- 

 moving, and transplanting trees. The old-fashioned 

 janker undoubtedly possesses sufficient power; but 

 the tree is put to a severe test at the outset by being 

 torn from the ground by physical force, the roots 

 and branches rudely dragged along the ground, and 

 the earth jostled from the upturned root at every 

 movement. Certainly a more barbarous way of pulling 

 a tree out of the ground could not be devised. The 

 construction and mode of lifting the tree by Mackay's 

 machine is certainly more satisfactory than with the 

 janker. Still the means of getting the wooden bars 

 placed under the root are somewhat imperfect, and 

 cannot bear up the weight of the tree so effectually as 

 if placed along the outer edge of the ball, thereby 

 straining the roots. The raising of the tree is also 

 performed in a slow and cumbrous manner, being 



