THE BIRDS OF WAYNE COUNTY. 245 



miles southwest of the geographical center of the County, and nearly a 

 mile from the present course of Killbuck Creek; Orrville is about eleven 

 miles northeast of Wooster, and six miles from the eastern boundary ; 

 West Salem is located in the extreme northwest corner of the County, 

 while Shreve lies close to the southern line, and five or six miles from its 

 western limit. 



The County itself lies upon the southern slope of the watershed 

 which separates the streams flowing into Lake Erie from those tributary 

 to the Ohio River ; its northern boundary being close to the top of the 

 dividing ridge, the summit level of which is found in the vicinity of 

 Akron, in Summit County. The altitude of the highest point of land 

 within Wayne County is 1,042 feet, this being in the extreme north- 

 eastern township. In some of the surrounding counties the highest ele- 

 vations range from 300 to 400 feet higher ; while the maximum in the 

 State is attained in Logan County, where the altitude is 1,540 feet above 

 sea level. 



The geological formation of Wayne County is, with some minor 

 modifications, essentially that of northeastern Ohio. Consequently there 

 are absent all the series between the coal measures of the Carboniferous 

 and the superincumbent Quaternary deposits; the Mesozoic and Tertiary 

 being unrepresented. By reason of its position on the eastern slope of 

 the axis of the anticlinal, Wayne County marks one of the western limits 

 of the Ohio coal deposits. The coal measures are confined principally to 

 the eastern half of the County, and where present rest either directly 

 upon the sub carboniferous Waverly group, or upon the superincumbent 

 sand conglomerate formation. Coal in paying quantities and of good 

 quality is extensively mined in several of the eastern townships. 



The Quaternary deposits consist largely of drift, and their clays, 

 sands, gravels and boulders, overlying the rock strata to a depth of ten 

 to eighty feet, constitute the major portion of the surface of the County. 

 The rocks of the .Carboniferous formation, both those of the Waverly 

 group and those of the coal measures, consisting of sandstones, shales and 

 limestones, are, however, exposed in numerous places throughout the 

 County, and in suitable locations are to some extent quarried. Glacial 

 action is evident over almost the entire area; and there are a number of 

 buried stream channels, as well as the remains of the beds of several 

 ancient lakes, more particular mention of which will be made in another 

 connection. 



The surface of the country is generally rolling, interspersed in some 

 portions with elevations of considerable height, occassional deep valleys, 

 and expanses of level lowland prairie. 



