REVIEW OF PERKINS' " BIRDS OF VERMONT." 7 



catum, and pennsilvanicum), hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), and bal- 

 sam fir (Abies balsamed). The woods are wonderfully varied and 

 the following trees are also by no means uncommon Tamarack 

 (Larix americand) , Red Pine (Pinus resinosa}, Arbor Vitae 

 ( Thuya occidentalis) , Cherry (Primus serotina and pennsil- 

 vanica, Poplar (Populus trumZoides), Ash (Fraxinus americana 

 and sambucifolid), Oak (Quercus alba and rubra), and Chestnut 

 (Castanea sativa}. For an account of the Flora I refer my 

 readers to the u Flora of Vermont," prepared by Ezra Brainerd, 

 L. R. Jones, and W. W. Eggleston. Burlington, 1900. 



FAUNAL AREAS. 



A discussion of the faunal areas is only just touched upon by 

 Prof. Perkins. An understanding of this most important and 

 interesting subject can best be accomplished only after much care- 

 ful field work has been carried on, especially on the mountains 

 and along the river valleys. Four life zones are represented in 

 Vermont, viz.: Upper Austral, Transition, Canadian, and Hudso- 

 nian. The Upper Austral is represented only in the southernmost 

 portion of the State at Pownall, where the Chat (Icteria virens), 

 has been found. The Transition zone covers all the valleys 

 and country up to nearly 2,000 feet. Species of this fauna, 

 however, vary greatly in their distribution, we find for example the 

 Bob- White (Colinus virginianus) only in the very southernmost val- 

 leys while the Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus), Scarlet Tanager 

 (Piranga erythromelas), and Yellow Warbler (Dendr&ca cestiva) are 

 found about the base of Mt. Mansfield. The Canadian zone is 

 well represented on all the mountains and foothills above about 

 1,500 feet, extending with the mountains as a belt down the centre 

 of the State, and as islands on southern monadnocks. The Hud- 

 sonian zone is represented only by a few species the Bicknell's 

 Thrush (Hylocichla a. bicknelti) Mt. Mansfield, Jay Peak, Mt. Kill- 

 ington, Pico Peak, Mt. Annanance (W T illoughby) ?, and probably 

 on other mountain tops above 3,000 ft., Hudsonian Chickadee 

 (Parus hudsonicus) Sutton, Mt. Stratton. Red Crossbill (Loxia c. 

 minor) Craftsbury, Pine Siskin (Spinus pinus) Brattleboro, Hart- 

 land, Rutland and Mt. Mansfield ? and Canada Jay (Perisoreus 

 canadensis') Mt. Mansfield and Somerset. 



