THE SUNFLOWER FAMILY 163 



Time of flowering: July-August; seed ripe by September. 



Propagation: By seeds. 



Occurrence: Rich land in the older settled provinces; 

 common by roadsides, in waste places and orchards in sod. 



Injury: An unsightly weed about farmyards, waste places 

 and in orchards. It is especially objectionable in pastures where 

 sheep are kept. It seldom gives trouble in fields under clean 

 cultivation. 



Remedy: Cut below the crown or spud out when the ground 

 is wet and soft, either the first year or before the seeds are ripe 

 the second. A handful of salt applied after cutting in hot dry 

 weather wUl kill the plant. Waste places should be seeded to 

 grass and the weeds kept out until the grass has become firmly 

 established. 



ALLIED SPECIES: Great Burdock (Arctiuin Lappa L.), 

 not as common as Lesser Burdock, is a larger, coarser plant, 

 with much larger, green flower heads, 1^ inch across, with hooked 

 scales and more spreading and longer leaf stalks. 



For out of the old fieldes, as men saithe, 

 Cometh al this new corne fro j'ere to yere. 

 And out of old bookes, in good faithe, 

 Cometh al this new science that men lere. 



Chaucer, The Assembly of FouUs, 1381. 



If we rightly consider the Addresses of this Divine Contemplation of Herbs and 

 Plants, with what alluring Steps and Paces the Study of them directs Us to an admiration 

 of the Supream Wisdome; we cannot but even from these inferiour things arrive some- 

 what near unto a heavenly Contentment. 



William Cole. Nature's Paradise, 1657 



