TREE SPECIES. 33 



than 100 feet and a diameter of more than 80 inches, and is found occasionally 

 in rich hollows. It is too infrequent to have any commercial uses. 



Late elm. {Ulmus sei'otina). The late elm is a small tree occurring on the 

 larger streams at the southern end of the Appalachian Plateau. Its timber is 

 similar to that of the other species, but is not used. 



Ilackheii'ii {Celtw occidentalis). The hackberry is a slender tree, sometimes 

 90 feet high and 24 inches in diameter, which occurs along the larger streams. 

 The wood is tough and strong, but is not used. The species seeds freeh' and 

 reproduces well. 



M/sf-tissippi liackberry {Celtis mississippiensis). This is a tree similar in size and 

 in the character of its wood to the preceding. It occurs along the larger streams, 

 but is not common. 



Rough hacJiheri'y {Celtis crasmfoUa). The rough hackberry is a smaller tree 

 than the above, seldom more than 30 feet in height and 12 inches in diameter. 

 The wood is tough and strong, but is not used. 



MuJherry {Morns rubra). The mulberry is a small tree with a very short 

 stem. It is seldom more than 25 feet in height and 24 inches in diameter. The 

 wood is tough and very durable, and is used for posts, etc. This tree is found 

 in rich hollows at low elevations, but is in general cultivation for the fruit. It 

 seeds regularly and abundantly and grows rapidly. 



Cucumber tree {Magnolia acuminata). This is a large tree, becoming 120 feet 

 high and 60 inches in diameter. It is found along the base of the mountains, 

 generallj' above an altitude of 1,500 feet. The wood is rather soft and 3'ellow, 

 and is largely used in the manufacture of furniture, being marketed with that of 

 the yellow poplar. Seeds are not abundant and reproduction is scanty. The rate 

 of growth is slow. 



Yellow --flowered cucumber tree {Magnolia acuminata cordata). This is a smaller 

 tree than the preceding and is confined to the lower elevations at the southern 

 end of the Appalachians. As a timber tree it is unimportant. 



Largeleaf umhrella tree {Magnolia niacrophylla). This tree, seldom more than 

 25 feet in height, occurs at only a few places along streams or on shady slopes. 

 It is often planted as an ornamental tree, but the wood has no uses. 



Umhrella tree {Magnolia tripetala). This is a small tree, very similar to the 

 preceding, but more common. 



Mountain magnolia {Magnolia fraseri). This is a tree 40 to 60 feet in height, 

 and grows along cool streams. The wood is soft and white, and is not used. 

 The bark is used medicinally. 



Yellmv poplar {Liriodendron tulipifera). The yellow poplar is the largest 

 tree of the Appalachians, attaining a height of 140 feet and a diameter of 8 

 10336 No. 3705 3 



