40 THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN FORESTS. 



height and 12 inches in diameter. It grows in cold mountain swamps. It is 

 found only in a few places, and is unimportant as a timber tree. 



White ash {Fraxinus americana). The white ash becomes 130 feet in height 

 and 40 inches in diameter, and is one of the most common and important trees. 

 The light-brown elastic wood is largely used in furniture, for handles of 

 agricultural implements, etc. The species seeds freely and reproduces well if 

 proper soil and light conditions are afforded. The growth is good. 



Red ash {Fraxinus pennsylvanica). The red ash is a slender tree, seldom 

 more than 110 feet in height and 24 inches in diameter, which is frequent along 

 the banks of the larger streams. The wood is similar to that of the white ash 

 ^nd is put to the same uses. 



Green ash {Fraxinus lanceolata). The green ash is a tree with the same size 

 and distribution as the red ash, but is more common. 



Biltniore ash {Fraxinus hiltinoi'eand). The Biltmore ash is a tree 20 feet in 

 height and 24 inches in diameter, and grows on the larger streams of the plateau. 

 It is not common. 



Catawha ash {Fraxinus catawhiensis). This is a slender tree 110 feet in height 

 and 30 inches in diameter. It occurs onl3^ on the banks of the larger streams at 

 the foot of the Blue Ridge. It grows rapidly and reproduces freel3\ 



Fringetree {Chionanthus virginica). This species becomes 25 feet in height 

 and 8 inches in diameter. It is common along streams at lower elevations. 



Catalpa {Catalpa catalpa). The catalpa is an imported tree which has become 

 naturalized along some of the larger streams. It becomes 40 feet in height and 

 24 inches in diameter, and is of rapid growth. The wood is durable and makes 

 excellent posts.. 



Black haw { Viburnum prunifolium). The black haw is a small tree 15 feet 

 in height. It occurs in fields and along small streams at low elevations. An 

 extract from the bark is used medicinally. 



SHRUBS. 



Species which only under the mod favorable conditions assume arborescent form. 



Cane (Arundinaria tecta). 

 Wild sarsaparilla (Stnilax glauca). 

 Greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia). 

 Hispid greenbrier (Smilax hispida). 

 Bristly greenbrier (Smilax bona-nox). 

 Juniper (Juniperus communis). 

 Dwarf willow (Salix humilis). 

 Gray willow (Salix tristis). 

 Hazel (Corylue americana). 

 Beaked hazel (Corylus rostrata). 



Mountain alder (Alnus alnubetula). 

 Common alder (Alnus rugosa). 

 Dwarf chinquapin oak (Quercus prinoides). 

 Mistletoe (Phoradendron flavescens). 

 Sweet fern (Comptonia peregrina). 

 Oil nut (Pyrularia pubera). 

 Buckleya (Buckleya distichophylla). 

 Dutchman's pipe (Aristilochia macrophylla). 

 Barberry (Berberis canadensis). 

 Moonseed (Menispermum canadense). 



