ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Plate I. Relief map of Southern Appalachian region, showing distribution of the mountains. 14 

 II. Original forest, northwest slope of Great Smoky Mountains, Tennessee 22 



III. A, Schoolhouse, Little Tennessee Gap, western end of Great Smoky Moun- 



tains, Tennessee; B, French Broad River, Paintrock, N. C 30 



IV. Cascades near head of Catawba River, North Carolina 38 



V. A, Appalachian mountain field completely ruined by erosion; B, Driftwood left 



on fields, the soil being washed away, near Erwin, Tenn 46 



VI. A, Soil removed and white sand spread over surface Catawba River lowlands; 



B, Sand spread over fertile soil, Catawba River lowlands 54 



VII. A, Erosion checked by covering gulleys with brush, Longcreek, Va. ; B, Ero- 

 sion checked by brush dams, Walnutrun, N. C 62 



VIII. A, Bald of Big Yellow Mountain, Mitchell County, N. C; B, Badly washed 



mountain field in the Southern Appalachian region 70 



IX. Forests reduced by fire and grazing. Doe River gorge, Tennessee 78 



X. Whiteside Mountain, southeast profile, North Carolina 86 



XI. Gorge of Linville River, south of the Blue Ridge . . , 94 



XII. Water-power development and cotton mills at Columbus, Ga 102 



XIII. Upper Falls of Whitewater River, southwestern North Carolina 110 



XIV. Damages from forest fires in Southern Appalachians 118 



XV. A, Base of pine tree burned by forest fires; B, Sprouts from base of oak killed 



by forest fires 126 



XVI. A, Sawing large timber at a small mill in the mountain forest; B, Binding poplar 



lumber for export. Great Smoky Mountains, Tennessee 134 



XVII. A, Slightly culled mixed forest, near Linville, N. C. ; B, Excessively culled 



white-pine forest. Shady Valley, Tennessee 142 



XVIII. Forest clearings for farming on the Southern Appalachian Mountains 150 



XIX. A, Newly cleared mountain field, planted in corn, rapidly washing away; B, 



Recently cleared field, impoverished and abandoned 158 



XX. Large poplar tree growing in mountain ravine, western slope of Great Smoky 



Mountains, Tennessee 166 



XXI. A, Spruce forest near summit of White Top Mountain, Virginia; B, Over-mature 



and dying spruce forest, Grayson County, Va 174 



9 



