32 FOREST TREES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



Wood heavj', hard, close-grained, compact, satiny, the annual growths clearly marked by two or three rows of 

 open ducts; medullary rays few, thin; color, yellow-brown, the sap-wood hardly distinguishable; specific gravity, 

 0.8319; ash, 0.30. 



The bark of the root possesses tonic properties and is employed by herbalists in the form of tinctures and iiuid 

 extracts in cases of dyspepsia, debility, etc. {Am. Jour. Pharm. 1862, 198; 1867, 337. U. S. Digpenaatory, Med. 

 1740. Nat. Dispensatory, 2 ed. 1179) ; the bitter fruit is occasionally used domestically as a substitute for hops. 



27. Canotia holocantha, Torrey, 



Pacific R. R. Rep. iv, 68. Gray in Ives' Rep. 15; Proc. Am. Acad, xii, 159. Baillon, Adansonia, x, 18; Hist. Veg. vi, 7, 4Ji. Brewer & 

 Watson, Hot. California, i, 190. Rothrock in Wheeler's Rep. 24, 81, t. 1. Maximo wicz iu Act. Hort. St. Petersburg v, a56. 

 Rnsby in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, ix, 106. 



Arizona, White Mountain region, valley of the Gila river (RothrocJc), valley of Bill Williams Fork (Bigelow). 



A small tree, 6 to 8 meters in height, with a trunk sometimes 0.30 meter in diameter, or often a large shrub; 

 dry, rocky mesas. Wootl heavy, hard, close-grained, compact ; medullary rays numerous, not prominent ; color 

 light brown, the sap-wood lighter; specific gravitj, 0.6885; ash, 5.33. 



SIMARUBE^. 



28. Simaruba glauca, De CandoUe, 



Diss, in Ann. Mus. xvii, 323 ; Prodr. i, 733. Humboldt, Bonpland & Kuntb, Nov. Gen. et Spec, vi, 10.- Descourtilz, Fl. Med. Antilles, 

 i, 66, t. 14. Planchon in London Jour. Bot. v, 567. Gray, Genera, ii, 152. Nuttall, Sylva, iii, 20, t. 87 ; 2 ed. il, 88, t. 87. 

 Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 264. Grisebach, Fl. British West Indies, 139. Chapman, Fl. S. States, 67. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 

 72. Planchon & Triana in Ann. Scj. Nat. 5 ser. xv, 357. Engler in Martins, Fl. Brasil. xii', 223. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 8. 

 Hemsley, Bot. Am. -Cent, i, 173. 



Quassia Simaruba, Linnieus, Suppl. 234. Wright, Trans. Edinburgh Soc. ii, 73, t. 1,2; Bot. & Med. Account of Q. 

 Simaruba. Ors&Ttner, Fruct. i, 340, t. 70. Lamarck, 111. ii, 478, t. 343, f. 2. Willdenow, Spec, ii, 568. Alton, Hort. 

 Kew. 2 ed. iii, 42. -Descourtilz, Fl. Med. Antilles, i, 23, t. 5. 



Quassia dioica, Bergi us, Mat. Med. 355. 



8. amara, Aublet, Guian. t. 331. Hayne, Arzn. iv, t. 15. Schnizlein, Icon. t. 249, f. 1-6. 



S. medicinalis, Endlichei, Medz. Pf. 525. Berg, Handb. i, 373. Berg & Schmidt, Off. Qew. ii, t. 13. 



PARADISE TREE. 



Semi-tropical Florida, cape Canaveral to the southern keys ; through the West Indies to Brazil. 



A tree sometimes 15 meters in height, with a trunk 0.60 meter in diameter; within the United States not 

 common, and reaching its greatest development on the shores of bay Biscayne. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, coarse-grained, containing many large scattered open ducts; medullary rays 

 few, thin; color, light brown, the sap-wood a little darker; specific gravity, 0.4136; ash, 0.93. 



The bark of this species has been occasionally used as a substitute for that of 8. officinalis, DO. as an aromatic, 

 bitter tonic {U. 8. Dispensatory, 14 ed. 838. Nat. Dispensatory, 2 ed. 1294). 



BURSERACE^. 



29. Bursera gummifera, Jacquin, 



Am. Pict. t. 65. Linnffius, Spec. 2 ed. 741. Lamarck, 111. ii, 392, t. 256. Willdenow, Spec, iv, 1119. Alton, Hort. Kew. 2 ed. v, 481. 

 Titford, Hort. Bot. Am. 107. De Candolle, Prodr. ii, 78. Descourtilz, Fl. Med. Antilles, ii, t. 97. Spach, Hist. Veg. ii, 239. 

 Macfadyen, Fl. Jamaica, 229. Nuttall, Sylva, ii, 117, t. 79 ; 2 ed. ii, 64, t. 79. Richard, Fl. Cuba, 390. Browne, Trees of America, 

 189. Grisebach, Fl. British West Indies, 173. Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 264 ; 1860, 440. Chapman, Fl. S. States, 68. Wood, 

 Bot. & Fl. 72. Planchon & Triana in Ann. Sci. Nat. 5 ser. xv, 302. Vascy, Cat. Forest Trees, 8. Hemsley, Bot. Am.-Cent. i, 177. 

 Engler in De Candolle, Suites, iv, 39. 



B. acuminata, Willdenow, Spec, iv, 1120. De Candolle, Prodr. ii, 78. 



Elaphrium integerrimum, Tulasne in Ann. Sol. Nat. 3 ser. vi, 369, {Fide Engler, l.o.) 



