108 FOREST TREES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



var. microcarpa, Gray, 8yn. Fl. N. America, ii', 75. 



F. albicailS, Buckley in Proc. Philadelphia Acad. 1862, 4, in part. 



F. Cwrtisaii, Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 20. 



Wood heavj', bard, strong, ultimately brittle, coarsegrained, compact; layers of annual growth clearly marked 

 by several rows of large open ducts, occupying in slowly-grown specimens nearly the entire width of the annual 

 rings; medullary rays numerous, obscure; color, brown, the sap-wood much lighter, often nearly white; specific 

 gravity, 0.G543; ash, 0.42; specific gravity of the heavier sap-wood, 0.7180; largely used in the manufacture of 

 agricultural implements, carriages, handles, oars, and for interior and cabinet work. 



Var. Texensis, 

 Gray, Syn. Fl. N. America, ii', 75. 



F. albicans, Buckley in Proo. Philadelphia Acad. 1862, 4, in part. 



F. coriacea, Wat^on in Am. Nat. Yii,302, in part. 



F. pistacice/olia, Gray, HaU's PI. Texas, 19 [not Torrey]. 



Western Texas, Dallas (Beverchon), to the valley of the Devil's river. 



A small tree, 10 to 12 meters in height, with a trunk sometimes 0.60 meter in diameter ; dry, rocky hills and 

 ridges. 



Wood heavy, hard, strong, rather close-grained, compact ; layers of annual growth marked by one or more 

 rows of open ducts; medullary rays numerous, obscure; color, light brown, the sap-wood lighter; specific gravity^ 

 0.7636 ; ash, 0.70 ; used for the same purposes as that of the species. 



193. Fraxinus pubescens, Lamarck, 



Diet, ii, 548. Walter, Fl. Caroliniana, 254. Willdenow, Spec, iv, 1103; Enum. 1060; Berl. Baumz. 148. Muhlenberg & Willdenow in. 

 Neue Schriften Gesell. Nat. Fr. Berlin, iii, 393. Vahl, Enum. i, 51. Persoou, Syn. ii, 604. Desfontaines, Hist. Arb. i, 102. Nouveau 

 Dnhamel, iv, 62. Aitou, Hort. Kew. 2 ed. v, 476. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. i,9. Roemer & Schultes, Syst. 279. Nuttall, Genera, ii, 

 231. Hayne, Dend. Fl. 223. Elliott, Sk. ii, 673. Sprengel, Syst. i, 95.- Torrey, Compend. Fl. N. States, 371 ; Fl. N. York, ii, 126. 

 Beck, Hot. 232. Eaton, Manual, 6 ed. 148. Don, Miller's Diet, iv, 55. London, Arboretum, ii, 1233, f. 1056. Penn. Cycl. x, 455. 

 Eaton & Wright, Bot. 247. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii, 51. A. De CandoUe, Prodr. viii, 278. Emerson, Trees Massachusetts, 337 ; 2 ed. 

 ii, 380. Darlington, Fl. Cestrica, 3 ed. 239. Darby, Bot. S. States, 429. Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 253. Chapman, Fl. 8. 

 States, 370. Curtis in Rep. Geological Surv. N. Carolina, 1860, iii, .54. Wood, CI. Book, 597 ; Bot. & Fl. 277. Gray, Manual N. 

 States, 5 ed. 402; Syn. Fl. N. America, ii', 75. Young, Bot. Texas, 452. Vaeey, Cat. Forest Trees, 20. Sears in Bull. Essex Inst, xiii,^ 

 177. Ridgway in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882,69. 



F. Fennsylvanica, Marshall, Aibustum, 51. Koch, Dendrologie,ii, 253. 



F. nigra, Du Roi, Harbk. 2 ed. i, 398 [not Marshall]. 



F. pubescens, var. longifolia, Willdenow, Spec, iv, 1104. Vahl, Enum. i, 52. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii, 9. Loddiges, Cat. 

 ed. 1836. Loudon, Arboretum, ii, 1233. A. De Candolle, Prodr. viii, 278. 



F, pubescens, var. laii/olia, Willdenow, Spec, iv, 1104. Vahl, Enum. i, 52. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. i, 9. Hayne, Dend. Fl. 

 223. Eaton, Manual, 6 ed. 148. Loudon, Arboretum, ii, 1233. A. De Candolle, Prodr. viii, 278. 



F. pubescens, var. subpubescens, Persoon, Syn. ii, 605. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. i, 9. Eaton, Manual, 6 ed. 148. Loudon, 

 Arboretum, ii, 1234. A. De Candolle, Prodr. viii, 278. Browne, Trees of America, 395. 



F. longifolia, Bosc in Mem. Ingt. 1808, 209. 



F. subvillosa, Bosc in Mem. Inst. 1808, 209. 



F. tomentosa, Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. iii, 112, t. 9 ; N. American Sylva, 3 ed. iii, 53, t. 119. Barton, Compend. Ft 

 Philadelph. ii, 192. 



F. Americana, \ax. pubescens, Browne, Trees of America, 395. 



jP. Oblongocarpa, Buckley in Proo. Philadelphia Acad. 1864, 4. 



