CATALOGUE OF FOREST TREES. 139 



^. alba minor, Marshall, Arbustum, 120. Muhlenberg & Willdenow in Neue Schrlften Gesell. Nat. Fr. Berlin, iii, 395. 



Q. Stellata, Wangenheim, Amer.78,t. 6, f. 15. Abbot, Insects Georgia, ii, t. 77. Willdenow, Spec, iv, 452; Ennm,977; Berl. 

 Banmz. 349. Persoon, Syn. ii, 570. Alton, Hort. Kew. 2 ed. v, 294. Nouveau Dubamcl, vii, 180. Hayne, Dend. Fl. 

 161. Nuttall, Sylva, i, 13; 2 ed. i, 23. Spach, Hist. Veg. xi, 15C. Emerson, Trees Massachusetts, 133, t. 3; 2 ed. i, 151 & 

 t. A. De Candolle, Prodr. xvi^, 22. Koch, Deudrologie, iii, 52. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 25. Engelmann in Trans. St. 

 Louis Acad, iii, 389. Eidgway in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 84. Watson in Proc. Am. Acad, xviii, 156. 



f Q. villosa, Walter, Fl. Caroliniana, 235. 



Q. lobulata, Abbot, Insects Georgia, i, 47. 



? Q. Brummondii, Liebmann in Dansk. Videusk. Selsk. Forhandl. 1854, 170. A. De Candolle, Prodr. xvi^, 24. 



Q. obtusiloba, var. parvi/olia, Chapman, Fl. S. States, 423. 



Q. stellata, var. Floridana, A.De Candolle, Prodr. xvi'', 22. 



POST OAK. IBON OAK. 



Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, south to northern Florida, west through southern Ontario and Michigan to 

 eastern Nebraska, Kansas, the Indian territory, and extending to the one hundredth meridian in central Texas. 



A tree rarely exceeding 24 meters in height, with a trunk 0.90 to 1.50 meter in diameter, or on the Florida 

 <joast reduced to a low shrub (var. parvifolia, etc.) ; dry, gravelly uplands, claj' barrens, or in the southwest on 

 Cretaceous formations; the most common and widely-distributed oak of the Gulf states west of the Mississippi 

 river, forming the principal growth of the Texas "cross-timbers." 



Wood heavy, hard, close-grained, compact, checking badly in drying, very durable in contact with the soil; 

 layers of annual growth marked by one to three rows of not large open ducts ; medullary rays numerous, 

 conspicuous ; color, dark or light brown, the sap-wood lighter ; specific gravity, 0.8367 ; ash, 0.79 ; largely used, 

 especially in the southwest, for fencing, railway ties, and fuel, and somewhat for carriage stock, cooperage, 

 construction, etc. 



255. Quercus undulata, var. Gambelii, Engelmann, 

 Wheeler's Eep. vi, 249. 



Q. Gambelii, Nuttall in Jonr. Philadelphia Acad, new ser. i, 179. Torrey in Sitgreaves' Rep. 172, 1. 18 ; Bot. Mex. Boundary 

 Survey, 205. Cooper in Smithsonian Kep. 1858, 260. Liebmann, Chfines Am. Trop. 22, t. 40, f. 1. Hemsley, Bot. 

 Am.-Cent. iii, 171. 



Q. alba, var. f Ounnisonii, Torrey in Pacific R. R. Rep. ii, 130. Watson in King's Rep. v, 321. Porter in Hayden's Rep. 

 1871, 493. Porter & Coulter, Fl. Colorado ; Hayden's Surv. Misc. Pub. No. 4, 127. Maconn in Geological Bep. Canada, 

 1875-'76, 209. 



Q. Douglagii, var. Oambelii, A. De Candolle, Prodr. xvi, 23. 



Q. stellata, var. Utahensis, A. De Candolle, Prodr. xvi!', 22. 



f Q. Emoryi, Porter & Coulter, Fl. Colorado ; Hayden's Surv. Misc. Pub. No. 4, 127 [not Torrey]. 



SCEtTB OAK. 



Fear the mouth of the Pecos river (Havard), through the mountains of western Texas, and New Mexico to the 

 Santa Catalina {Lemmon, Pringle) and San Francisco mountains, Arizona, eastern slopes of the Rocky mountains 

 of Colorado north to the valley of the Platte river, and through the Wahsatch mountains of Utah, 



A small tree, rarely 15 meters in height, with a trunk sometimes 0.60 meter in diameter, or often a low shrub 

 spreading from underground shoots and forming dense thickets, reaching its greatest development on the high 

 mounlams of southern New Mexico and Arizona; the large specimens generally hollow and defective. 



Wood heavy, hard, strong, that of young trees quite tough, close-grained, checking badly in drying ; layers of 

 annual growth marked by few not large open ducts ; medullary rays numerous, conspicuous ; color, rich dark 

 brown, the sap-wood lights ; specific gravity, 0.8407 ; ash, 0.99 ; largely used for fuel, and in Utah the bark iu 

 tanning. 



