i 



142 FOREST TREES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



260. Quercus Prinus, Linnieus, 



Spec. 1 od. 995. Du Eoi, Harbk. ii, 27C, t. 6, f. 3. Lamarck, Diet, i, 720. Marsball, Arbustum, 125. Wangenheim, Amer. 15, t. 4, 

 8. Aitos, Hort. Kew. iii, 35C; 2 ed. v, 290. Mocnch, Mefh. 348. Abbot, lusectB Georgia, ii, t. S2. Mublenberg & Willdcnow 

 in Neue Schriftcn Gesell. Nat. Fr. Berlin, iii, 397. Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii, 195. Willdenow, Spec, iv, 439; Ennni. 975; Berl. 

 Baumz. 339. Smith in Recs' Cycl. xsx, No. 47. Persoou, Syu. ii, 568. Dcsfontaiucs, Hist. Arb. ii, 509. Pursb, Fl. Am. Sept. ii, 

 633. Bartou, Compend. Fl. Philadelph. ii, 171. Nuttall, Genei-a, ii, 215. Nouvean Dubamel, vii, 164. Hayne, Dend. Fl. 155. 

 Elliott, Sk. ii, COS. Sprengel, Syst. iii, 859. Torrey, Compend. Fl. N. States, 359. Audubon, Birds, t. 60, 131.- Beck, Bot. 331. 

 Eaton, Manual, 6 ed. 294. Loudon, Arboretum, iii, 1872. Eaton & Wright, Bot. 385. Spach, Hist. Veg. xi, 157. Pcnu. Cycl. xix, 

 216. Darlington, Fl. Cestrica, 3 ed. 267. Darby, Bot. S. States, 511. Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1858,255. Chapman, Fl. S. 

 States, 423. Lesquereux in Owen's 2d Rep. Arkansas, 387. Wood, CI. Book, 645; Bot. & Fl. 306. Porcher, Resources S. Forests, 

 264. A. De Candolle, Prodr. xvi, 21. Orsted in Saerskitt. Aftryk. af. Nat. For. Viden. Meddelt. Nos. 1-6, 67. Gray, Manual N. 

 States, 5 ed. 451. Young, Bot. Texas, 506. Koch, Dendrologie, ii^, 48. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 25. Engelmann in Trans. St. 

 Louis Acad, iii, 390. 



Q. Prinus, var. moniicola, Michaux, Hist. Chfines Am. No. 5, t. 7; Fl. Bor.-Am. ii, 196. Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. ii, 55, 

 t. B; N. American Sylva, 3 ed. i, 40, t. 9. Barton, Prodr. Fl. Philadelph. 91. Loudon, Arboretum, iii, 1873, f. 1736. 

 Spach, Hist. Veg. xi, 158. Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 18.58, 255. Chapman, Fl. S. States, 424. Curtis in Rep. 

 Geological Snrv. N. Carolina, 1860, iii, 34. AVood, CI. Book, 646. A. De Candolle, Prodr. xvi, 21. Gray, Manual N. 

 States, 5 ed. 451. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 25. Bailey in Am. Nat. xiv, 892, f. 1-4. 



Q. montana, Willdenow, Spec, iv, 440 ; Enum. 975 ; Berl. Baumz. 340. Persoon, Syn. ii, 569. Smith in Rees' Cycl. xxx, 

 No. 49. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii, 634. Eaton, Manual, 107, 6 ed. 294. Barton, Compend. Fl. Philadelph. ii, 172. 

 Nuttall, Genera, ii, 216. Nouveau Duhamel, vii, 165, t. 47, f. 2. Hayne, Dend. Fl. 156. Elliott, Sk. ii, 609. Sprengel, 

 Syst. iii, 860. Torrey, Compend. Fl. N. States, 354; Fl. N. York, ii, 192. Beck, Bot. 331. Bigclow, Fl. Boston. 3 ed. 

 377. Eaton & Wright, Bot. 385. Emerson, Trees Massachusetts, 138, t. 6; 2 ed. i, 156 & t. Gray, Manual N. States, 

 1 ed. 414. Darlington, Fl. Cestrica, 3 ed. 2G6. Darby, Bot. S. States, 511. Lesquereux in Owen's 2d Rep. Arkansas,. 

 387. Porcher, Resources S. Forests, 263. Burgess in Coulter's Bot. Gazette, vii, 95. 



Q. Prinus, var. lata, Alton, Hort. Kew. 2 ed. v, 290. 



Q. Castanea, Emerson, Trees Massachusetts, 137, t. 5 ; 2 ed. i, 155 & t. [not Muhlenberg & Willdenow]. 



CHESTNUT OAK. ROCK OHESTNTTT OAK. 



Blue bills, eastern Massachusetts, west to the shores of lake Champlain, shores of Quints bay, Ontario- 

 {Macoun), and the valley of the Genesee river, 'New York, south to Delaware, and through the Alleghany Mountain 

 region to northern Alabama, extending west to central Kentucky and Tennessee. 



A tree 24 to 30 meters in height, with a trunk 0.90 to 1.20 meter in diameter; rocky banks and hillsides; very 

 common and reaching its greatest development in the southern Alleghany region, here often forming a large 

 portion of the forest growth. 



Wood heavy, hard, strong, rather tough, close-grained, inclined to check in drying, durable in contact witb 

 the soil, containing few open ducts ; medullary rays very broad, conspicuous ; color, dark brown, the sap-wood 

 lighter; specific gravity, 0.7499 ; ash, 0.77 ; largely used in fencing, for railway ties, etc. 



The bark, rich in tannin, is largely used in preference to that of other Korth American white oaks in tanning, 

 leather, 



261. Quercus prinoides, WiUdenow, 



None Schriften Gesell. Nat. Fr. Berlin, iii, 397; Spec, iv, 440. Persoou, Syn. ii, 569. Poiret, Suppl. ii, 219. Nouveau Duhamel,. 

 vii, 166. Torrey, Fl. N. York, ii, 193, 1. 109. Gray, Manual N. States, 1 ed. 415. Darlington, Fl. Cestrica, 3 ed. 267. Chapman, 

 Fl. S. States, 424. Curtis iu Rep. Geological Surv. N. Carolina, 1860, iii, 35. Lesquereux in Owen's 2d Rep. Arkansas, 387. 

 Wood, CI. Book, 646. Koch, Dendrologie, ii^, 49. Young, Bot. Texas, 506. Engelmann in Trans. St. Louis Acad, iii, :j91. 



Q. Prinus humilis, Marshall, Arbustum, la."). Gray, Manual N. States, 5 ed. 452. 



Q. Castanea, Muhlenberg & Willdenow in Nene Schriften Gesell. Nat. Fr. Berlin, iii, 396 [not N^e]. Willdenow, Spec, i v, 441 ; 

 Enum. 976; Berl. Baumz. 341. Persoon, Syn. ii, 569. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii, 634. Smith in Rees' Cycl. xxx. No. 51. 

 Poiret, Suppl. ii, 219. Eaton, Manual, 107; 6 ed. 294. Barton, Compend. Fl. Philadelph. ii, 172. Nuttall, Genera, ii,. 

 216. Hayne, Dend. FJ. 156. Elliott, Sk. ii, 610. Sprengel, Syst. iii,860. Torrey, Compend. Fl.N. States, 354; Fl. N. 

 York, ii, 193. Beck, Bot. 331. Eaton &, Wright, Bot. 385. Gray, Manual N. States, 1 ed. 415. Dariington, Fl. Cestrica, 

 3 ed. 267.- Darby, Bot. S. States, 511. Breudel in Trans. Illinois Ag. Soc. iii, 619, t. 4. Chapman, Fl. S. States, 424. 

 Curtis in Rep. Geological Surv. N. Carolina, 1860, iii, 34. Lesquereux in Owen's 2d Rep. Arkansas, 387. Wood, CI. 

 Book, 646. Orsted in Saerskitt. Aftryk. af. Nat. For. Viden. Meddelt. Nos. 1-6, 1866, 68. Liebmann, Chdnes Am. Trop. 

 t. H, K. & 33, f. 31, 32. Young, Bot. Texas, 506. 



Q. Prinus, var. acuminata, Michaux, Hist. Chfines Am. No. 5, t. 8 ; Fl. Bor.-Am. ii, 196. Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. ii, 61, t. 

 9; N.American Sylva, 3 ed.i, 49, 1. 10. Nouveau Duhamel, vii, 167. Loudon, Arboretum, iii, 187.5, f. 1637. Cooper in. 

 Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 255. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 306. Gray, Manual N. States, 5 ed. 451. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 25. 



Q. Prinus pumila, Michanx, Hist. Chfines Am. No. 5, t. 9, f. 1 j Fl. Bor.-Am. ii, 196. Loudon, Arboretum, iii, 1875, f. 173a 



