CATALOGUE OF FOREST TREES. 147 



ENCENO. COAST LIVE OAK. 



California, Mendocino county, south through the Coast Eange valleys to Lower California. 



A large evergreen tree, 24 to 30 meters in height, with a trunk 1.20 to 2.10 meters in diameter, or, rarely, reduced 

 to a low shrub (var. frutescens, JEngelmann in Bot. California, ii, 98); rare at the north; common south of San 

 Francisco bay, and the largest and most generally distributed oak in the extreme southwestern jjart of the state; 

 dry slopes and ridges. 



Wood heavy, i'.ard, strong, brittle, close-grained, compact; layers of annual growth hardly distinguishable, 

 containing many large open ducts arranged in several rows parallel to the broad, conspicuous medullary rays ; 

 color, light brown or red, the sap-wood darker brown; specific gravity, 0.8253; ash, 1.28; of little value except 

 as fuel. 



271. Quercus Wislizeni, A.DeCandolle, 



Prodr. xvi2, 67. Orsted iu Saerskitt. Aftryk. af. Nat. For. Viden. Meddelt. Nos. 1-6, 1866, 73. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 27. 

 Engelmann in Trans. St. Louis Acad, iii, 385, 396; Bot. California, ii, 98. 



Q. Morehus, Kellogg in Proo. California Acad, ii, 36. 



LIVE OAK. 



California, mount Shasta region, south along the western slopes of the Sierra Nevadas to Tulare county, and 

 in the Coast ranges south to the Santa Lucia mountains. 



An evergreen tree, 15 to 18 meters in height, with a trunk 0.90 to 1.80 meter in diameter, or toward its 

 northeastern limits reduced to a shrub 0.90 to 3 meters in height (var. frutescens, Engelmann in Bot. California, ii, 

 99); not common. 



Wood heavy, very hard, strong, close-grained, compact, containing numerous large open ducts arranged in 

 irregular bauds parallel to the broad, conspicuous medullary rays; color, light brown tinged with red, the sap- 

 wood lighter; specific gravity, 0.7855; ash, 1.02. 



272. Quercus rubra, Linnaens, ^y 



Spec. 1 ed. 996. Dn Eoi, Harbk. ii, 265. Lamarck, Diet, i, 720. Walter, Fl. Caroliniana, 234. Alton, Hort. Kew. iii, 357; 2 ed. T, 

 292. Moench, Meth. 348. Abbot, Insects Georgia, ii, t. 103. Michaux, Hist. Chfines No. 2, t. 35, 36 ; Fl. Bor.-Am. ii, 200. 

 Willdenow, Spec, iy, 445; Enum. 976; Berl. Banmz. 342. Smith in Rees' Cycl. xxi, No. 60. Persoon, Syn. ii, 569. Desfontaines, 

 Hist. Arb. ii, 511. Miobaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. il, 126, t. 26; N. American Sylva, 3 ed. i, 84, t. 28. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii, 6.30. 

 Eaton, Manual, 108; 6 ed. 293. Nuttall, Genera, ii, 214. Barton, Compend. Fl. Philadelph. ii, 169. Nouveau Duhamel, vii, 

 170. Hayne, Dend. Fl. 157. Elliott, Sk. ii, 602. Sprengel, Syst. iii, 863. Torrey, Compend. Fl. N. States, 358; Nicollet's Rep. 

 160; Fl. N. York, 189, t. 106. Bock, Bot. .329. Loudon, Arboretum, iii, 1877, f. 1740-1744 & t. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii, 158. 

 Bigelow, Fl. Boston. 3 ed. 376. Eaton & Wright, Bot. 384. Spach, Hist. Veg. xi, 165. Emerson, Trees Massachusetts, 48, t. 

 10; 2 ed. i, 163 <fe t. Scheele in Roemer, Texas, 446. Penn. Cycl. xix, 216. Darliugton, Fl. Cestrica, 3 ed. 269. Darby, Bot. 

 S. States, 510.- Cooper iu Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 255. Brendel in Trans. Illinois Ag. Soo. iii, 369, t. 9. Chapman, Fl. S. States, 

 422. Curtis in Rep. Geological Surv. N. Carolina, 1860, iii, 41. Lesquereux in Owen's 2d Rep. Arkansas, 388. Wood, CI. 

 Book, 644; Bot. & Fl. 306. Porcher, Resources S. Forests, 262. Engelmann in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. new ser. t,209; Trans. St. 

 Louis Acad, iii, 394. A. De Candolle, Prodr. xvi, 60. Orsted in Saerskitt. Aftryk. af. Nat. For. Viden. Meddelt. Nos. 1-6, 1866, 

 72. Gray, Manual N. States, 5 ed. 454 ; Hall's PI. Texas, 21. Liebmann, Ch6nes Am. Trop. t. A, B. Koch, Dendrologie, ii', 70. 

 Young, Bot. Texas, 504. Hayden in Warren's Rep. Nebraska &. Dakota, 2 ed. 121. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 26. Macoun in 

 Geological Rep. Canada, 1875-'76, 209. Sears in Bull. Essex Inst, xiii, 179. Ridgway in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 83. Bell in 

 Geological Rep. Canada, 1879-'80, 51=. 



Q. rubra maxima, Marshall, Arbustum, 122. Muhlenberg & Willdenow in Neue Schriften Gesell. Nat. Fr. BerUn, iii, 395. 



Q. rubra, var. latifolia, Lamarck, Diet, i, 720. Alton, Hort. Kew. 2 ed.v, 292. Loudon. Arboretum, iii, 1877. 



Q. rubra, var. montana, Aiton,Hort.Kew.2ed.v, 292. Loudon, Arboretum, iii, 1877. 



Q. ambigua, Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. ii, 120, t. 24 ; N. American Sylva, 3 ed. i, 81, t. 26 [not HBK.]. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii, 

 6:J0. Nuttall, Genera, ii, 214. Eaton, Manual, 6 ed. 293. London, Arboretum, iii, 1881, f. 1749 & t. Eaton & 

 Wright, Bot. 384. 



Q. coccinea, var. rubra, Spach, Hist. Veg. xi, 165. 



Q. coccinea, var. ambigud. Gray, Manual N. states, 5 ed. KA. 



Q. rubra, var. runciimta, a. De Candolle, Prodr. xvi, 60. Engelmann in Trans. St. Lonis Acad, iii, 542. 



