CATALOGUE OF FOREST TREES. 161 



297. Betula lutea, Micbmix f. 



Hist. Arb. Am. ii,152,t.f>; N. Ainericau Sylva, 3 ed. ii, 82, t. 73. Spacli in Anii. Sci. Nat.2 ser. xv, 191; Hist. Veg.xi, 243. Endlicher," 

 Genera, Snppl. iv-, 20. Wood, Bot. t Fl. 308. Gray, Manual N. States, 5 ed. 459. Koch, Dendrologie, ii, 640 Vascy, Cat. Forest 

 Trees, 28. Sears in Bull. Essex Inst, xiii, ISO. 



B. excelsa, Pur8b,Fl.Ani. Sept. ii,G21 [not AitouJ. Nuttall, Geuftra, ii, 218. Sprengel, Syst. iii,854. Torrey, Compend. Fl. 

 N. States, 355 ; FI.N. York, ii, 200. Eaton, Manual, 6 ed. 53. Loudon, Arboretum, iii, 1711, f. 15G4, 15G5 & t. Hooker, 

 Fl. Bor,-Am. ii, 156. Eaton & Wright, Bot. 15G.-Blgclow, Fl. Boston. 3 ed. 382. Lindley in Penu. Cycl. ii, 349. Gray, 

 M|iual N. States, 1 ed. 422. Emerson, Trees Massachusetts, 206; 2 ed.i,235&t. Richardson, Arctic Exped. 438. 

 Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 256. Chapman, Fl. S. States, 428. Curtis in Rep. Geological Surv. N. Carolina, 

 1830, iii, 74. Wood, CI. Book, 048. Bell in Geological Rep. Canada, 1879-'80, 50=. 



jB. lenta, Regel in Mem. Soc. Nat. Moscow, xix, 125, in part; Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscow, xxxviii*, 417, in part; Do Candolle, 

 Prodr. xvi-, 179, in part. 



YELLOW BIKCH. GRAY BIRCH. 



Newfoundland, northern .s-.hores of tlie gulf of Saint Lawrence to Abittibi lake and the western shores of lake 

 Superior and Kaiuy lake, south through the northern states to Delaware and southern Minnesota, and along the 

 Alleghany mountains to the high peaks of oS'orth Carolina and Tennessee. 



One of the largest and most valuable deciduous trees of the northern New England and Canadian forests, 

 often 21 to 29 meters in height, with a trunk 0.00 to 1.20 meter in diameter; rich woodlands; common. 



Wood heavy, very strong and hard, very close-grained, compact, satiny, susceptible of a beautiful polish ; 

 medullary rays numerous, obscure; color, light brown tinged with red, the heavier sap-wood nearly white; specific 

 gravity, 0.0553; ash, 0.31; largely used for fuel, in the manufacture of furniture, button and tassel molds, pill and 

 match boxes, and for the hubs of wheels. 



298. Betula nigra, Linnaeus, 



Spec. 1 ed. 982. Marshall, Arbustum, 18. ^Walter, Fl. Caroliniana, 231. Alton, Hort. Kew. iii, 336 ; 2 ed. v, 299. Gsertner, Fruct. ii, 54, 

 t. 90, f. 1. Willdenow, Spec, iv, 464; Enum.931; Berl. Banmz. 56. Nonveau Dnhamel, iii, 203, t. 51. Persoon, Syn. ii, 572. 

 Dest'ontaines, Hist. Arb. ii, 477. Smithin Rees' Cycl. iv. No. 2. Pursli, Fl. Am. Sept. ii, 621. Nuttall, Genera, ii, 218. Hayne, Deud. 

 Fl. 166. Lamarck, 111. iii, 350, t. 760, f. 2. Elliott, Sk. ii, 616. Watson, Dend. Brit, ii, t. 153. Sprengel, Syst. ii, 854. Torrey, 

 Compend. Fl. N. States, 355; Fl. N.York, ii, 201. Beck, Bot. 325. Loudon, Arboretum, iii^ 1710, f. 1!')C2, 1563 & t. Penn. Cycl. 11, 

 149. Emerson, Trees Massachusetts 208; 2 ed. i, 237. Darlington, Fl. Cestrica, 3 ed.275. Darby, Bot. S. States, 508. Cooper in 

 Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 256. Chapman, Fl. S. States, 428. Curtis in Rep. Geological Surv. N. Carolina, 1860, iii, 73. Regel in Mem. 

 Soc. Nat. Moscow, xix, 118, 1. 12, f. 1-12 ; Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscow, xxxviii*, 412; DeCandolle, Prodr. xvi^, 175. Lesquereux in Owen's 

 2d Rep. Arkansas, 389. Wood, CI. Book, 649 ; Bot. & Fl. 308. Porcher, Resources S. Forests, 266. Gray, Manual N. States, 5 ed. 459; 

 Hall's PI. Texas, 21. Koch, Dendrologie, ii, 644. Young, Bot. Texas, 512. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 28. Burbank in Proc. Boston 

 Soc. Nat. Hist, xviii, 214. Broadhead in Coulter's Bot. Gazette, iii, GO. Ridgway in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 85. 



B. lanulosa, Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Ani. ii, 181. Nouveau Dnhamel, iii, 206. 



B. rubra, Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. ii, 142, t. 3 ; N. American Sylva, 3 ed. ii, 80, t. 72. Loddiges, Bot. Cab. 1. 1248. Eaton, 

 Manual, 6 ed. 53. Eatou & Wright , Bot. 156. Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. 2 ser. xv, 185; Hist. Veg. xi, 230. Endlicher, 

 Genera, Suppl. iv-, 19. 



B. angulata, Loddiges, Cat. ed. 1836. 



RED BIRCH. RIVER BIRCH. 



Banks of the Merrimac and Spicket rivers, Middlesex and Essex counties, Massachusetts, Wading river. Long 

 island, south through the coast and middle districts to the Chattahoochee region of western Florida, west to 

 western Iowa, northwestern ^Missouri, eastern Kansas, the Indian territory, and the valley of the Trinity river, Texas. 



A tree 18 to 2J: meters in height, with atrunk rarely exceeding 0.75 meter in diameter; banks of streams and 

 ponds ; very common and reaching its greatest development in the south Atlantic states and in the basin of the 

 lower Mis.sissippi river. 



Wood light, rather hard, strong, close-grained, compact ; medullary rays numerous, obscure; color, brown, the 

 sap-wood much lighter; specific gravity, 0.5762 ; ash, 0.35; used in the manufacture of furniture, woodenware, 

 wooden shoes, ox-yokes, etc. 



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