182 FOREST TREES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



JUNIPER. 



Ea.stci'u base of Pike's peak, Colorado, to the mountains of western Texas, and through New Mexico and 

 southern Arizona to southern California. 



A small, stunted tree, G to 9 meters in height, with a tnink sometimes O.CO meter in diameter, or often branching 

 from the ground with many stout, contorted stems; dry, gravellj' slopes between 3,500 and 7,000 feet elevation. 



Wootl heavier than that of the type, the layers of annual growth often eccentric; specific gravity, 0.7119; 

 ash, 0.78; largely used for fuel and fencing. 



Var. COnjugens, Engelmann, 

 Trans. St. Louis Acad, iii, 590. Vcitch, Maunal Couif. 289. Watsou in Proc. Am. Acac].xviii,158. 



JUNIPER. 



Western Texas, valley of the Colorado river (Austin), west and north. 



A tree 11 to 15 meters in height, with a trunk sometimes 0.30 meter in diameter, covering with extensive 

 forests the limestone hills of western Texas; its range not yet satisfactorily determined. 



Wood light, hard, not strong, very close-grained, compact, very durable in contact with the soil; bands of 

 small summer cells thin, dark colored, conspicuous; medullary rays numerous, very obscure; color, brown, often 

 streaked with red, the thin sap- wood nearly white; specific gravity, 0.6907; ash, 0.4G; largely used for fencing, 

 fuel, telegraph poles, railway ties, etc. 



339. ^Juniperus Virginiana, Linuffius, 



Spec. 1 od. 1039. Kalm, Travels, English ed. il, 180. Mar.shall, Arbustnm, 70. Wangenheim, Amer. 9, t. 2, f. 5. Walter, \. 

 Carolinian,'v,24rf. Aiton,Hort. Kew. iii, 414; 2 cd. v, 414. Lamarck, Diet, iv, 627. Willdonow, Spec. iv,853; Enum. 1025; Berl. 

 Baumz. 193. Porsoou, Syn. ii,f>32. Desfontaines, Hist. Arb. ii, 539. Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. iii, 42, t. 5; N. American Sylva, 

 3ed. 173, t. 155. Pnrsh, Fl. Am. Sept. 647. Nonveau Duliamel, vi, 49, t. 16. Barton, Prodr. Fl. Philadelpli. 96; Compend. Fl. 

 Pliiladclph, ii, 200. Eaton, Manual, 118; 2ed. 194. Nuttall, Genera, ii, 245; Sylva, iii, 97; 2 ed. ii, 159. Bigelow, Med. Bot. iii, 49, 

 t. 45 ; Fl. Boston. 3 od. 398. Hayue, Dend. Fl. 205. Elliott, Sk. ii,J17. Torrey in Nicollet's Rep. 167 ; Compend. Fl. N. States, 377 ; 

 Fl. N. York, ii, 235 ; Maroy's Rop. 284 ; PaciBc R. R. Rep. i v, 142 ; Bot. Mex. Boundary Survey, 211 ; Ives' Rep. 28. Sprengel, Syst. 

 iii, 908. Richard, Conif, 37, t. 6, f. 2. Audubon, Birds, t. 43. Rafinesqne, Med. Bot. ii, 13. Beck, Bot. 337. Lindlcy, Fl. Med. 

 55G. Loudon, Arboretum, iv, 249."), f. 2357. Forbes, Piuetura Woburn. 199. Ponn. Cycl. xiii, 147. Eaton & Wright, Bot. 288. 

 Emerson, Trees Massachusetts, 102; 2 ed. i, 118. Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 27, iu part. Schcele in Rcenier, Tex.as, Appx. 447. 

 Liudloy & Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc. London, v, 202. Parry in Owen's Rep. GIB.- Darlington, Fl. Cestrica, 3 ed. -295.- Knight, 

 Syn. Conif. 12. Darby, Bot. S. States, 515. Durand in Jour. Philadelphia Acad. 1355, 101. Torrey & Gray in Pacific R R. Rep. 

 ii, 130, 175. Carrifcre, Trait. Conif. 43 ; 2 ed. 44. Bigelow in Pacific R. R. Rep. 20. Gordon, Pinetum, 112 ; 2 ed. 154. Cooper in 

 Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 257 ; Am. Nat. iii, 413. Chapman, Fl. S. States, 435. Gray in Pacific R. R. Rep. xii', 48; Manual N. States, 

 5 ed. 474 ; Hall's PI. Texas, 21. Hooker f. in Trans. Linnsean Soc. xxiii-, 302. Curtis iu Rep. Geological Surv. N. Carolina, 1860, 

 iii, 71 . Lesqucreux iu Owen's 2d Rep. Arkansas, 389.- Wood, CI. Book, 663 ; Bot. & Fl. 314. Porcher, Resources S. Forests, 510. 

 Eugelmann in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. new ser. xii,209; Trans. St. Louis Acad, iii, 591; Wheeler's Rep. vi,263. Lyall iu Jour. 

 Llnua^an Soc. vii, 144. Heukel & Hochstetter, Nadelholz. 335. Nelson, Pinacea;, 153. Hoopes, Evergreens, 291. Parlatore in De 

 Candolle, Prodr. xvi^, 488. Young, Bot. Texas, 517. Koch, Dendrologio, ii^, 1.38. Watsou iu King's Rep. v, 335. Rothrock in PI. 

 Wheeler, 28, 50; Wheeler's Rep. vi, 10. Porter & Coulter, Fl. Colorado; Hayden's Surv. Misc. Pub. No. 4, 132. H.iyden in 

 Warren's Rep. Nebraska & Dakot.-i, 2 ed. 122. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 37. Guibourt, Hist. Drogues, 7 ed. ii,242. Broadhesd 

 iu Coulter's Bot. Gazette, ill, 60. G. M. Dawson in Canadian Nat. new ser. ix, 329. Sears in Bull. Essex Inst, xiii, 183. Veitch, 

 Manual Conif. 282. Bell in Geological Rep. Canada, 1879-'80, 52''.- Ridgway in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 67. Hemslcy, Bot. Am.- 

 Cent. iii, 184. 



J. Caroliniana, Marshall, Arbustnm, 71. Dn Roi,Harbk. 2 ed. 497. 



J. arborescens, Mrouch, Moth. 699. 



J. Barbadensis, Michaux, Fl'.Bor.-Am. ii,246 [not LinnKus].- Pursh, Fl.Am. Sept. ii, 647. Nuttall, Genera, ii, 245; Sylva, 

 iii, 96; 2cd.ii,1.58. 



J, Virginiana, var. Caroliniana, Willdenow, Berl. Baumz. 198. Hayne, Dend. Fl. 205. Loudon, Arboretum, iv, 2495. 



J. Virgi7iiana, vai". Hermanni, Persoou, Syn. ii,632. 



J. Hermanni, Spreugel, Syst. iii, 908. 



J. fmtida, var. Virginiana, Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. 2 ser. xvi , 298 ; Hist. Veg. xi, 3lb. 



J. Virginiana vulgaris, Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 28. 



J. Sabina, vjir. Virginiana, Antome, Kupress. t. 63, 64. 



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