184 FOREST TREES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



BALD CYPEESS. BLACK OYPEESS. BED OYPKESS. "WHITE CYPRESS. DEOrDUOTJS CYPEESS. 



Sussex connty, Delaware, south near the coast to Mosquito inlet and cape Romano, Florida, west through the 

 Gulf states near the coast to the valley of the Nueces river, Texas, and through Arkansas to western Tennessee, 

 western and northern Kentucky, southeastern Missouri, and southern Illinois and Indiana. 



A large tree of great economic value, 24 to 4G meters in height, with a trunk 1.80 to 4 meters in diameter; 

 deep, submerged swamps, river- bottom lands, and pine-barren ponds; common and forming extensive forests in 

 the south Atlantic and Gulf states. 



Wood light, soft, close, straight-grained, not strong, compact, easily worked, very durable in contact with 

 the soil; bands of small summer cells broad, resinous, conspicuous; medullai-y rays numerous, very obscure; color, 

 light or dark brown, the sap-wood nearly white; specific gravity, 0.4543; ash, 0.42; largely manufactured into 

 lumber and used for construction, cooperage, railway ties, posts, fencing, etc., often injured, especially west of the 

 Mississippi river, by a species of Dwdalia, not yet determined, rendering it unfit for lumber. 



Two varieties of cypress, black and white, are recognized by lumbermen, the wood of the former heavier than 

 water when,green, rather harder and considered more durable than the other; the unseasoned wood of the latter 

 lighter than water and rather lighter colored than black cypress. 



341. Sequoia gigantea, Dccaisne, 



Bull. Bot.Soc. France,!, 70; Kev. Hort. 1855, 9, 1. 10, f. L Gray in Proc. Am. Acad, iii, 94; Am. Jour. Sci. 2 ser. xvii. 440; xviii, 150, 

 286. Torrey in Pacific R. R. Rep. iv, 140. Kellogg in Proc. California Acad, i, 42. Blake in Pacific R. R. Rep. v, 257, t. 13. 

 Carrifere, Trait. Conif. 166. Newberry in Pacific R. R. Rep. vi, 90. Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 263. Wood, Bot. & FI. 315. 

 Bloomer in Proc. California Acad, iii, 397. Hoopes, Evergreens, 239, f. 29. Parlatore in De CandoUe Prodr. xvi', 437. Koch, 

 Dendrologie, ii', 194. Bertrand in Ann. Sci. Nat. 5 ser. xx, 114. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 36. Mnir in Proc. Am. Assoc, xxv, 

 242. Watson, Bot. California, ii, 117. 



Wellingtonia gigantea, Lindley in London Gard. Chronicle, 1853, 819, 823 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4777, 4778. C. Lemaire in lU. Hort. 

 1854, 14 & t. Nandin in Rev; Hort. 1854, 116. Fl. des Serres, ix, 93 & t. 903 & t. Flor. Cabinet, 1854, 121 & t. 

 Bigelow in Pacific R. R. Rep. iv, 22. Gordon, Pinetum, 330 ; Suppl. 106 ; 2 ed. 415. Murray in Ediuhnrgb New Phil. 

 Jonr. new ser, xi, 205, t. 3-9 (Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh, vi, 330, t. 6, f. 8, 9). Henkel & Hochstetter, NadelhiJlz. 

 222. Carrifero, Trait. Conif. 2 ed. 217. Veitch, Manual Conif. 4 15. 



Wellingtonia Californica, Winslow in California Farmer, September, 1854. Hooker, Jour. Bot. & Kew Misc. vii, 26. 



Taxodium Washingtonianum, Winslow in California Farmer, September, 1854. 



Taxodium giganteum, Kellogg & Behr in Proc. California Acad. i. 51. 



S. Wellingtonia, Seemann in Bonplandia, ii,238; iii, 27; vi,343; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 3 ser. March, 1859, 161. Lawson, 

 Pinetum Brit, iii, 299, t. 37, 51, 53, f. 1-37. 



Gigantahies WdJlW^/OWia, Nelson, Pinacese, 79. 



BIG TREE. 



California, western slopes^ of the Sierra Nevadas from Placer county (Calaveras Grove) south to Deer creek on 

 the southern borders of Tulare county. 



Tlie largest tree of the American forest, 76 to 119 meters in height, with a trunk 6 to 11 meters iu diameter; 

 valleys and moist swales or hollows between 4,000 and 0,000 feet elevation, growing in small, isolated groves, 

 exceiJt toward its southern limits, here mixed with the sugar pine and red and white firs, covering large tKactS, 

 often several hundred acres in extent. 



Wood very light, soft, weak, brittle, rather coarse-grained, compact, remarkably durable in contact with tbo 

 soil; bands of small summer cells thin, dark colored, con.spicuous ; medullary rays numerous, thin; color, bright 

 clear red, turning much darker with exposure, the thin sap-wood white; specific gravity, 0.2882; ash, 0.50; in 

 Fresno county formerly somewhat manufactured into lumber and locally used for fencing, shingles, construction, etc. 



342. Sequoia sempervirens, Endlicber, 



Syn. Conif. 198. Decaisne in Rev. Hort. 185.5, 9, tt 11, f. 2. Carrifero, Trait. Conif. 164 ; 2 ed. 210. Bigelow in Pacific R. K. Rep. iv, 23. 

 Newberry in Pacific R. R. Rep. vi, 57, 90, f. 23. Torrey in Pacific R. R. Rep. iv, 140 ; Bot. Mex. Boundary Survey, 210 ; Ives' 

 Rep. 28. Gordon, Pinetum, 303; Suppl. 97; 2 ed. 379. Cooper in Smithsouian Rep. 1858,263. Murray in Edinburgh New Phil. 

 Jour, new ser. xi, 221 (Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh, vi, 346). Seemann in Ann. & M.ag. Nat. Hist. 3 ser. March, 1S'>9, 165. Wood, Bot. 

 &F1.315. Bolandcr in Proc. California Acad, iii, 231. Hoopes, Evergreens, 244. Parlatore iu De Caudolle Prodr. xvl', 436.- 

 Koch, Dendrologie, ii', 193. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 36. Stearns in Am. Nat. x, 110. Watson, Bot. California, ii, 116. Veitch, 

 Manual Conif. 212. liawson, Pinetum Brit, iii, t. 52 & figs. 



