188 FOREST TREES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



Wood very light, soft, not strong, close, straiglitgrained, compact; bauds of small summer cells thin, resinous, 

 not conspicuous, resin passages numerous, not large, conspicuous; medullary rays numerous, obscure; color, 

 light brown or red, the sap-wood nearly white; specific gravity, 0.3908; ash, 0.23; inferior in quality, althougI 

 resembling that of the eastern white pine (P. Strobtm) ; in Idaho and Montana somewhat manufactured into lumber. 



349. Pinus Lambertiana, Dougins, 



Companion Bot. Mag. ii, 92, 106, 107, 130, 152 ; Trans. Liunican See. xv, 500. Liinibert, Pinus, 1 ed. iii, 157, t. 6S, 69. Loudon, Arboretum, 

 iv, 2288, f. 2i03. Forbes, Pinetum Wobnrn. 77, t. 30. Hooker, FI. Bor.-Ain. ii, 161. Antoinc, Conif. 41, 1. 19. Liudley in Penn. Cycl. 

 xvii, 173. Hooker & Amott, Bot. Beechey, 394. Spach, Hist. Veg. .\i, 397. Nutt.ill, Sylva, iii, 122, 1. 114; 2 ed. ii, 180, t. 114. De 

 Chanibray, Trait. Arb. Ees. Conif. 346. Endliclier, Syu. Conif. 150. Lindley & Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc. London, v, 215. Carritsro, 

 Trait. Couif. 307 ; 2 ed. 403. Bigelow in Pacific R. R. Rep. iv, 21. Torrey in Pacific R.R. Rep. iv, 141; Bot. Mex. Boundary Survey, 

 210; Ives' Rep. 28. Newberry in Pacific R. R. Rep. vi, 42, 90, f. 14. Gordon, Pinetum, 228; 2 ed. 307. Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 

 185^,262. Murray in Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh, vi, 369. Law8on,PinetUBi Brit, i, 47, t.7, f. 1-7. Bolandcr in Proc. California 

 Aond. iii, 226, 317. Henkel & Hochstetter, Nadelholz. 95. Nelson, Piuacese, 115. Hoopes, Evergrjeens, 134. Parlatore in De 

 Candolle, Prodr. xvi', 402. Fowler in London Gard. Chronicle, 1872, 1071. Koch, Dendrolrfgie, iP, 323. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 

 32. A'^oitch, Manual Conif. 179. 



SUGAR PINE. 



Oregon, Cascade and Coast ranges, from the head of the Mackenzie river and the valley of the Eogue river 

 south along the western flank of the California sierras, through the Coast ranges to the Santa Lucia mountains, 

 and in the San Bernardino and Cuyamaca mountains. 



A large tree, 46 to 92 meters in height, with a trunk 3 to 7 meters in diameter; most common and reaching its 

 greatest development upon the sierras of central and northern California between 4,000 and 8,000 feet elevation; 

 in the Oregon Coast ranges descending to 1,000 feet above the sea-level. 



Wood very light, soft, coarse, straight-grained, compact, satiny, easily worked; bands of small summer cells 

 thin, resinous, conspicuous, resin passages numerous, very large and conspicuous; medullary rays numerous, 

 obscure; color,light brown, the sap-wood nearly white; specific gravity, 0.3684; ash, 0.22; now laigely manufactured 

 into lumber and used for interior finish, door-blinds, sashes, etc., and for cooperage and woodenware; less valuable 

 and less easily worked than that of the eastern white i)ine {Pinus Strobus); its quality injured by the larger and 

 more numerous resin passages. 



A saccharine exudation from the stumps of cut or partially-burned trees sometimes used as a substitute for 

 sugar. 



350. Pinus flexilis, James, 



Long's Exped. ii, 27, 34. Torrey in Ann. Lyc.N. York, ii, 249; PaciUc R. R. Rep. iv, 141. Eaton, Manual, 6 ed. 265. Eaton & 

 Wright, Bot. 359. Nuttall, Sylva, iii, 107, t. 112; 2 ed. ii, 167, 1. 107. Lindley & Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc. London, v, 220. 

 Carrifere in Fl. des Serres, ix, 200; Rev. Hort. 1854, 228; Trait. Conif 310; 2 ed. 392. Bigelow in Pacific R. R. Rep. iv, 0, 20. 

 Gordon, Pinetum, 224; 2 ed. 302. Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 262. Parry in Trans. St. Louis Acad, ii, 121. Engelmanu iu 

 Am. Jour. Sci. 2 ser, xxxiv, 331 ; Trans. St. Louis Acad, ii, 208; Wheeler's Rep. vi, 257 ; Bot. California, ii, 124. Henkel & Hochstetter, 

 Nadelholz. 126. Nelson, Pinacese, 112. Bolandcr iu Proc. California Acad, iii, 318. Hoopes, Evergreens, 131, t. 18. Parlatore in 

 De Candoile, Prodr. xvi=, 403. Porter in Haydeu's Rep. 1871, 494. Watson in King's Rep. v, xxviii, 332 ; PI. Wheeler, 17. Eothrock, 

 PI. Wheeler, 27, 50; Wheeler's Rep. vi, 9. Porter & Coulter, Fl. Colorado; Hayden, Surv. Misc. Pub. No. 4, 130. Murray in 

 London Gard. Chronicle, 1875, 106. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 32. Sargent in Am. Jour. Sci. 3 ser. xvii, 420 Lawson, Pinetum 

 Brit, i, 35, f. 1. 



P. Lambertiana, var. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii, 161. 



p. Lambertiana, var. brevi/olia, Endlicher, Syu. Conif. 150. Lindley &, Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc. London, v, 215. 

 Carrifero, Trait. Conif. 2 ed. 404. 



P. flexilis, var. serrulata, Engelmann in Wheeler's Rep. vi, 258. 



P. flexilis, var. macrocarpa, Engelmann in Wheeler's Rep. vi, 258. 



WHITE PINE. 



Eastern slopes of the Eocky mountains, Montana, and probably much farther north, south to New Mexico, on 

 the Guadalupe and Limpia mountains, western Texas {Havard), on the high mountain ranges of Utah, Nevada, 

 and nortlicrn Arizona, Inyo mountains and mount Silliman, California. 



A tree 15 to 18 meters in height, with a trunk 0.60 to 1.20 meter iu diameter ; dry, gravelly slopes and ridges 

 between 4,000 and 10,000 feet elevation ; common along the eastern slopes of the Kocky mountains of northern 

 Montana, forming open, scattered forests, here low, round-topped, and the prevailing forest tree; in central Nevada 

 the most valuable lumber tree of the region. 



Wood light, soft, close-grained, compact; bands of small summer cells narrow, not cousincuous, resin 

 passages nnmerous, large; medullary rays numerous, conspicuou.s ; color, light clear yellow, turning red witli 

 exposure, the sap-wood nearly white; specific gravity, 0,4358; ash, 0.28; in northern Montana, Nevada, and Utah 

 aometimes sawed into inferior lumber and used in construction and for various domestic purposes. 



