CATALOGUE OF FOREST TREES. 19.5 



TAMARACK. BLACK PINE. LODGE-POLE PINE. SPRUCE PINE. 



Valle.y of the Yukon river, Alaska (Fort Selkirk, Ball), south througli the interior of British Columbia, along- 

 the inouutaiu ranges of Washington territory and Oregon and the Sierra Nevadas of California to mount San 

 Jacinto; on the high plateau east of the Rocky mountains in about latitude 56, and south through the mountains of 

 Idaho, Montana, Wjoming, Colorado, and Utah to New Mexico and northern Arizona. 



A tree 18 to 24 meters in height, with a trunk 0.60 to 1.20 meter in diameter ; reaching its greatest development in 

 thfe California Sierras; in the interior regions in dry, gravelly soil, here the prevailing tree, covering immense areas, 

 and generally replawng other species destroyed by fire; western Washington territory and southward only along 

 the borders of moist alpine meadows between 0,000 and 9,000 feet elevation ; generally confounded with the closely- 

 allied P. contorta of the coast, from which it may be distinguished by its longer, broader leaves, very thin, scaly 

 bark, thin sap-wood, and less resinous and finer-grained wood, resembling that of the Tvhite jnnes ; the distribution 

 of the two species in northern British Columbia and Alaska still undetermined. 



Wootl light, soft, not strong, close, straight- grained, easily worked, compact, not durable; bands of small summer 

 eel 5 narrow, not conspicuous, resin passages few, not large; medullary rays numerous, obscure; color, light yellow 

 or aearlv white, the thin sap wood lighter; specific gravity, 0.4096; ash, 0.32; occasionally manufactured into 

 lo vber, and used for fuel, railway ties, etc. 



366. Pinus Sabiniana, Douglas, 



Companion Bot. Mag. ii, 150. Lambert, Pinus, 1 ed. iii, 137, t. .58. Loudon, Arboretum, iv, 2246, f. 2138-2143. Forbes, Pinetum 

 Woburn. 63, t. 23,24. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii, 162. Liudley in Pcnn. Cycl. xvii, 172. Antoiue, Conif. 30, t. 11. Hooker & 

 Aruott, Bot. Beechey, 393. Liuk in Linnaea, xv, 509.- Nuttall, Sylva, iii, 110, t. 113; 2 ed. ii, 169, t. 113. Spach, Hist. Veg. xi, 

 390. De Chambray, Trait. Arb. Res. 347. Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 159. Kniglit, Syn. Conif. 30. Lindley & Gordon in Jonr. 

 Hort. Soc. London, v,216. Fl. des Serres, ix,275,t. 964. Carrifere, Trait. Conif 334; 2 ed. 435. ToiTey & Gray in Pacific R. E. 

 Eep. ii, 130. Bigelow in Pacific R. R. Rep, iv, 25. Torrey in Pacific R. R. Rep. iv, 141 ; Bot. Mex. Boundary Survey, 210 ; t. 57 ; 

 Ives' Rep. 28. Newberry in Pacific R. K. Rep. vi, 39, 90, f. 13. Gordon, Pinetum, 208; 2 ed. 284. Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 

 1858, 261. Walpers, Ann. v, 799. Bolandor in Proc. California Acad, iii, 226, 318. Henkel & Hochstettcr, Nadelholz. 75. Lawson, 

 Pinetum Brit, i, 85, t. 11, t. 1-3. Nelson, Pinacese, 129. Hoopes, Evergreens, 121. Parlatore in De Candolle, Prodr. xvi", 

 391. Fowler in London Gard. Chronicle, 1872, 1323. Koch, Dendrologie, ip, 312. Vasoy, Cat. Forest Trees, 31. Engelmann in 

 Wheeler's Rep. vi,:J75; Trans. St. Louis Acad, iv, 182; Bot. California, ii, 127. Veitch, Manaal Conif. 169. 



DIGGER PINE. BULL PINE. 



California, Portuguese Flat, Shasta county, south along the foot-hills of the Coast ranges and the western slope 

 of the Sierra Nevadas below 4,000 feet elevation. 



A large tree, 24 to 30 meters in height, with a trunk 0.00 to 1.20 meter in diameter ; very common through all 

 the foot-hills region. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, brittle, very coarse-grained, compact, not durable; bands of small summerMells 

 broad, very resinous, conspicuous, resin passages few, large, prominent ; medullary rays numerous, obscure ; color, 

 light brown or red, the thick sap-wood yellow or nearly white ; specific gravity, 0.4840 ; ash, 0.40 ; largely used 

 for fuel. 



The large edible nuts furnish the Indians an important article of food. 



367. Pinus Coulteri, D. Don, 



Trans. Linuiean Soc. xvii, 440. Loudon, Arboretum, iv, 2250, f. 2144-2146. Forbes, Pinetum Woburn. 67, t. 25, 26. Antoine, 

 Conif. 31, t. 12, 13. Penn. Cycl. xvii, 172.^Link in Linniea, xv, 510. Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Beechey, 393. Nuttall, Sylva, iii, 

 112; 2ed. ii, 171. Endlicher, Syn. Conif 160. Carri&re in Fl. des Serres, ix, 275 & t. ; Trait. Conif 334; 2 ed. 435. Cooper in 

 Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 261. Torrey in Ives' Rep. 23. Henkel & Hochstetter, Nadelholz. 76. Bolander in Proc. California Acad, 

 iii, 318. Parlatore in De Candolle, Prodr. xvi, 392. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 31. Gordon, Pinetum, 2 ed. 266. Engelmann in 

 Trans. St. Louis Acad, iv, 182 ; Bot. California, ii, 127. Lawson, Pinetum Brit. i,23, f. 1-5. 



P. niacrocarpa, Lindley in Bot. Reg. xxvi. Misc. 61.- Knight, Syn. Conif. 30. Lindley & Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc. 

 London, v, 216. Gordon, Pinetum, 201. ^Nelson, Pinacese, 117. Hoopes, Evergreens, 115. Veitch, Manual Conif 166. 



P. Sabiniana Coulteri, London, Eucycl. Pi. 985, f. 1839-1841. 



p. Sabiniana macrocarpa, Hort. 



California, Monte Diablo, south through the Coast ranges to the Cuyamaca mountains, and jnobably in Lowet 

 California. 



A tree 24 to 40 meters in height, with a trunk 0.90 to 1.80 meter in diameter ; dry ridges and slopes between 

 3,0(10 and 6,000 feet elevation ; most common and reaching its greatest development in the San Jacinto mountains. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, brittle, coarsegrained; bauds of small summer cells broad, very resinous, 

 conspicnouH, resin passages few, large; medullary rays numerous, prominent ; color, light red, the thick sap woo<l 

 nearly white; specific gravity, 0.4133; ash, 0.37. 



