208 FORESl' TREES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



Abies Albert iana, Murray iu Proc. Holt. Soc. Londou.iii, 149 &. f.Lawson, Piuetum Brit. ii. Ill, t. lG,f. 1-18. Nolaon, 

 PinacoiB, 31. Fowler iu London Gard. Chronicle, 1872,75. 



Abies taxi/olia, Hart weg, ined. {fide Murray in Proc. Hort. Soc. London, iii, 148). 



Pinus Pattoniana, McNab in Proc. Boyal Irish Acad. 2 ser. ii, 211, 212, t. 23, f. 2 [not Parlatore] (fide Engelmann in London 

 Gard. Chronicle, 1882, 145). 



Abies Pattoniif McNab iu Jonr. Linnasan Soc. xix,308. 



HEMLOCK. 



Alaska, south aloug the islauds aud coast of British Columbia, and through the Selkirk, Gold, and other 

 interior ranges to the Bitter Root mountains of Idaho, and the western slopes of the Eocky mountains of Montana 

 (valley of the Flathead river, Canby & Sargent), extending south along the Cascade mountains to southern Oregon 

 and in the Coast ranges to Marin county, California, between 1,000 aud 4,000 feet elevation, 



A large tree, 30 to 61 meters in height, with a trunk 1.20 to 3 meters in diameter; low, moist bottoms or rocky 

 ridges ; very common and reaching its greatest development in western Oregon and Washington territory, often 

 forming extensive forests, especially along the western base of the Cascade mountains. 



Wood light, hard, not strong, rather close-grained; bands of small summer cells thin, not conspicuous; 

 medullary rays numerous, prominent ; color, light brown tinged with yellow, the sap-wood nearly white ; specific 

 gravity, 0.5182; ash, 0.42; occasionally manufactured into coarse lumber. 



The bark, rich in tannin, is the principal material used on the northwest coast in tanning leather. 



390. Tsuga Pattoniana, Engelmann, 



Bot. California, ii, 131 ; London Gard. Chronicle, 145. 



Abies Pattoniana, Jeffrey in Rep. Oregon Exped. i,t. 4, f. 2. Murray in Edinburgh New Phil. Jour, new ser. i, 291, t. 9, 

 f. 1-7. Lawson, Pinetum Brit, ii, 157, t. 22. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. vii,402. Koch, Dendrologie, ii', 252. Hoopes, 

 Evergreens, 172. Carrifere, Trait. Conif. 2 ed. 30. Hall in Coulter's Bot. Gazette, ii, 91. Veitch, Manual Conif. 

 116, f. 31, 32. 



fPicea Galifornica, Carrifere, Trait. Conif. 261; 2ed.346. 



Abies HooJceriana, Murray in Edinburgh New Phil. Jour, new ser. i, 289, t. 9, f 11-17. Lawson, Pinetum Brit, ii, 153, t. 

 21,22, f. 1-22 Nelson, Piuaceje, 31. McNab in Proc. Eoyal Irish Acad. 2 ser. ii, 211, 212, t. 23, f. 1. Veitch, 

 Manual Conif 115, t. 32. 



Abies Williamsonii, Newberry iu Pacific E. R. Rep. vi, 53, 90, t. 7, f. 19. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 313. Cooper in Am. Nat. 

 iii, 412. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 33. 



Pinus Pattoniana, Parlatore in De CandoUe, Prodr. xvi, 429. 



Abies Pattonii, Gordon, Pinetum, 1 ed. 10 (excl. syn. trigona). 



Abies Pattoni, Gordon, Pinetum, Suppl. 12. Henkel & Hochstetter, Nadelholz. 151 (excl. syn. trigona). 



Valley of the Fraser river, British Columbia, and probably much farther north, south along the Cascade 

 mountains and the California Sierras to the headwaters of the San Joaquin river, extending east along the high 

 mountains of northern Washington territory to the western slopes and summits of the Coeur d'Aldne and Bitter 

 Root mountains of Idaho (Lolo trail, Watson), and the divide between Thompson and Little Bitter Root creeks, 

 northern Montana {H. B. Ayres). 



An alj)ine tree, rarely 30 meters iu height, with a trunk 1.60 to 2.10 meters iu diameter ; dry slopes and ridges 

 near the limits of tree growth, ranging from an elevation of 2,700 feet in British Columbia to 10,000 leet iu the Sierras 

 of central California. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, close-grained, satiny, susceptible of a good polish ; bauds of small summer cells 

 thin, not conspicuous; medullary rays numerous, obscure; color, light brown or red, the sap-wood nearly white; 

 specific gravity, 0.4454 ; ash, 0.44. 



