210 FOREST TREES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



Var. macrocarpa, Eug. Imann, 

 Bot <:aliforDia, U.liM). 



Abies Douglaaii, var. macrocarpa, Torrey in Ives' Eep.28.Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 33. 



Abies macrocarpa, Vasey in Ganl. Monthly, Jan. 1876. 



HEMLOCK. 



Oalifornia Coast ranges; San Bernardino mountains to the Cuyamaca mountains. 



A tree 30 to 54 meters in height, with a trunk 1.20 to 1.80 meter in diameter ; dry ridges and canons between 

 2,500 and 4,000 feet elevation. 



Wood heavy, hard, strong, cross-grained, very durable, dilQQcult to work ; color, rather darker red than that of 

 the species ; specific gravity, 0.4563 ; ash, O.OS ; somewhat manufactured into coarse lumber and largely used for fuel. 



392. Abies Fraseri, Lindley, 



Fenn. Cycl. i, 30. Forbes, Pinetum Woburn. iii.t. 38. Link in Linnsea, xv, 531. Nuttall, Sylva, iii, 139, t. 119; 2 ed. ii, 196,t. 119. 

 Lindley & Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc. London, v, 209. Carrifere, Trait. Conif. 200; 2 ed. 270. Cooper in Smithsonian Eep. 1858, 

 257. Chapman, Fl. S. States, 434. Curtis in Kep. Geological Surv. N. Carolina, 1860, iii, 26. Wood, CI.. Book, 661 ; Bot. & Fl. 314. 

 Henkel & Hochstetter, Nadclholz. 169. Gray, Manual N. States, 5 ed. 472, in part. Hoopes, Evergreens, 202. Bertrand in Bull. 

 Soc. Bot. France, xviii, 379. Koch, Dendrologie, ii, 216. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 35. Engelmann in Trans. St. Louis Acad, iii, 

 596; London Card. Chrouicle, 1877, 147. Veitch, Manual Conif. 96. 



Pinus Fraseri, Pursh,Fl. Am. Sept. ii, 639. Smith in Eees' Cycl. xxviii,No. 27. Poiret, Snppl. v, 35. Sprengel, Syst. ii, 

 884. Beck, Bot. 340. Eatou, Manual, 6 ed. 264. Lambert, Finns, 1 ed. iii, 74, t. 42. Eaton & Wright, Bot. 358. 

 Antoine, Conif. 76, t. 29, f. 1. Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 91. Parlatore in De CandoUe, Prodr. xvi, 419. McNab in Proo. 

 Eoyal Irish Acad. 2 ser. ii, 684, t. 47, f. 10. 



A. balsamea, var. Fraseri, Nuttall, Genera, ii, 223. Spach, Hist. Veg. xi, 422. 



Pintis balsamea, var. Fraseri, Toft-ey, Compend. Fl. N. States, 359. 



Picea Fraseri, Loudon, Arboretnm,iv,340,f. 2243, 2244. Knight, Syn. Conif. 39. Gordon, Pinetnm, 148; 2 ed. 205. 



BALSAM. SHE BALSAM. 



High mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee. 



A tree 18 to 24 meters in height, with a trunk sometimes 0.60 meter in diameter; moist slopes between 5,000 

 and 6,500 feet elevation, often forming considerable forests. 



Wood very light, soft, not strong, coarse-grained, compact; bands of small summer cells rather broad, light 

 colored, not conspicuous; medullary rays numerous, thin; color, light brown, the sap-wood lighter, nearly white; 

 specific gravity, 0.3565; ash, 0.54. 



393. Abies balsamea, Miller, 



Diet. No. 5. Desfontaines, Hist. Arb. ii, 579. Nonveau Duhamel, v, 295, t. 83, f. 2. Richard, Conif. 74, 1. 16. Lindley, Penn. Cycl. i, 30; 

 Fl. Med. !w4 Forbes, Pinetnm Woburu. 109, t. 37. Link in Linnaa, xv,530. Spach, Hist. Veg. xi, 421. Griffith, Med. Bot. 605, 

 f. 268. Lindley & Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc. London, v, 210. Carri&re, Trait. Conif. 217; 2 ed. 292. Richardson, Arctic Exped. 

 441. Darlington, Fl. Cestrica, 3 ed. 291. Cooper in Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 257. Wood, CI. Book, 661; Bot. & Fl. 314. 

 Porcher, Resources S. Forests, 506. Henkel & Hochstetter, Nadelholz. 176. Gray, Manual N. States, 5 ed. 471. Hoopes, 

 Evergreens, 197. Bertrand in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xviii, 379. Koch, Deudrologie, ii'-, 214. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 34. 

 Gaibonrt, Hist. Drogues, 7 ed. ii, 246. Engelmann in Trans. St. Louis Acad, iii, 597. Macoun in Geological Rep. Canada, 1875-'76, 

 211. Sears in Bull. Essex Inst, xiii, 184.- Bell in Geological Rep. Canada, 1879-'80, 46<'. Veitch, Manual Conif. 88. 



Pinus balsamea, Linnseus, Spec. 1 ed. 1002. Wangenbeim,Araer. 40. Alton, Hort. Kew. iii, 370; 2 ed. v, 319. Moench, 

 Meth. 364. Du Roi, Harbk. 2 ed. 144. Lambert, Pinus, 1 ed. i, 48, t. 31; 2 ed. i, 52, t. 33; 3 ed. i, 72, t. 41. Willdenow, 

 Spec, iv, 504; Ennm. 989; Berl. Baumz. 276. Persoon, Syn. ii, 579. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii, 639. Eaton, Manual, 

 111; 6 ed. 204. Nuttttll, Genera, ii, 223. Hayne,Dend. Fl. 176. Elliott, Sk. ii,639.-Sprengcl, Syst. ii,884. Torroy, 

 Compend. Fl. N. States, :J59; Fl. N. York, ii, 229. Descourtilz, Fl. Med. Antilles, iv,59,t. 246. Woodville, Med. Bot. 

 3 ed. v, 1, t. 1. Beck, Bot. 340. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 163. Eaton & Wright, Bot. 358. Bigelow, Fl. Boston. 3 ed. 

 385. Antoine, Conif. 66, t. 26, f. 3. Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 103. Gihoul, Arb. Kesin. 45. Darby, Bot. S. States, 515. 

 Parlatore in De CaudoUe, Prodr. xvi, 423. MeNab in Proc. Eoyal Irish Acad. 2 ser. ii, 684, t. 47, f. 11. Beutley & 

 Trimen, Med. PI. iv, 263, t. 26.3. 



